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Every mother counts: Or, don't they?

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Women in Africa face high maternal mortality rates due to poverty, poor healthcare, and war. Post-Biafran War estimates show Nigeria's maternal mortality ratio varied widely, highlighting critical risks during conflict.

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Area of Science:

  • Obstetrics and Gynecology
  • Public Health
  • African Studies

Background:

  • The Nigerian Civil War (1967-1970) severely disrupted medical services, endangering women and children.
  • Women in many parts of Africa continue to face compounded risks from poverty, inadequate healthcare, and conflict.
  • Maternal mortality remains a significant public health concern in developing regions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine maternal mortality estimates in Nigeria following the Biafran War.
  • To contextualize these estimates within historical and global health disparities.
  • To underscore the ongoing risks to maternal health in conflict-affected African nations.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of maternal mortality ratio (MMR) estimates published between 1970 and 1976 in Nigeria.
  • Data derived from two hospitals in Lagos and Zaira, encompassing approximately 33,000 births.
  • Calculation of a specific high-end MMR estimate based on different hospitalization and emergency scenarios.

Main Results:

  • Nigeria's MMR estimates post-war ranged dramatically, from 40 to 1,970 deaths per 100,000 births.
  • The highest estimated rate (1,970) was comparable to historical rates in 16th-18th century England.
  • The lowest estimated rate (40) mirrored the MMR of England and Wales in 1940.

Conclusions:

  • Post-conflict maternal mortality in Nigeria exhibited extreme variability, indicating severe systemic weaknesses.
  • The findings highlight the profound and lasting impact of war on maternal health services.
  • Urgent interventions are needed to address the persistent triple-jeopardy of poverty, poor health services, and conflict affecting African women.