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Field Effect Transistor

Field Effect Transistor

Field-effect transistors (FETs) are integral to electronic circuits and distinguished by their three-terminal setup: the gate, drain, and source. These transistors operate as unipolar devices, which utilize either electrons or holes as charge carriers, in contrast to bipolar transistors, which use both types of carriers. The primary function of the FET is to modulate the flow of these carriers from the source to the drain through a channel. The voltage difference between the gate and source...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 25, 2025

Sensing of Barrier Tissue Disruption with an Organic Electrochemical Transistor

Sensing of Barrier Tissue Disruption with an Organic Electrochemical Transistor

Published on: February 10, 2014

Bioelectronic Large-Area Transistors for High-Performance Sensing.

Eleonora Macchia^1,2,3, Paolo Bollella^3,4, Luisa Torsi^3,4

¹Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy.

Annual Review of Analytical Chemistry (Palo Alto, Calif.)

|February 26, 2025

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This review highlights advanced bioelectronic field-effect transistor (FET) sensors, showcasing their high sensitivity for detecting molecules at zeptomolar levels. These innovations promise reliable, specific biological detection with minimal error.

Keywords:

SiMoT bioelectronic field-effect transistor markers molecularly imprinted polymers sensor single molecule with a large transistor

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Area of Science:

Bioelectronics
Analytical Chemistry
Materials Science

Background:

Bioelectronics merges biology, medicine, and electronics for integrated devices.
Field-effect transistor (FET) sensors are key components in bioelectronic applications.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the sensitivity, specificity, and reliability of large-area bioelectronic FET sensing devices.
To discuss the role of analytical chemistry in optimizing FET sensor performance.
To highlight advancements in detecting low concentrations of biological molecules.

Main Methods:

Review of existing literature on FET-based bioelectronic sensors.
Analysis of performance metrics including limit of identification (LOI), reliability, and selectivity.
Exploration of molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) for enhanced detection.

Main Results:

FET sensors demonstrate high sensitivity, detecting concentrations in the picomolar to zeptomolar range.
Single-molecule detection is achievable in small volumes (0.1 mL) with high reliability.
Optimized LOI minimizes random errors to as low as 1%.

Conclusions:

Bioelectronic FET sensors offer exceptional sensitivity and reliability for molecular detection.
Molecularly imprinted polymers provide a sustainable and robust alternative to natural antibodies for selective FET sensing.