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Phase Transitions02:31

Phase Transitions

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Whether solid, liquid, or gas, a substance's state depends on the order and arrangement of its particles (atoms, molecules, or ions). Particles in the solid pack closely together, generally in a pattern. The particles vibrate about their fixed positions but do not move or squeeze past their neighbors. In liquids, although the particles are closely spaced, they are randomly arranged. The position of the particles are not fixed—that is, they are free to move past their neighbors to...
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Phase Transitions: Melting and Freezing02:39

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Heating a crystalline solid increases the average energy of its atoms, molecules, or ions, and the solid gets hotter. At some point, the added energy becomes large enough to partially overcome the forces holding the molecules or ions of the solid in their fixed positions, and the solid begins the process of transitioning to the liquid state or melting. At this point, the temperature of the solid stops rising, despite the continual input of heat, and it remains constant until all of the solid is...
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Phase Transitions: Sublimation and Deposition02:33

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Some solids can transition directly into the gaseous state, bypassing the liquid state, via a process known as sublimation. At room temperature and standard pressure, a piece of dry ice (solid CO2) sublimes, appearing to gradually disappear without ever forming any liquid. Snow and ice sublimate at temperatures below the melting point of water, a slow process that may be accelerated by winds and the reduced atmospheric pressures at high altitudes. When solid iodine is warmed, the solid sublimes...
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Phase Diagram01:19

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The phase of a given substance depends on the pressure and temperature. Thus, plots of pressure versus temperature showing the phase in each region provide considerable insights into the thermal properties of substances. Such plots are known as phase diagrams. For instance, in the phase diagram for water (Figure 1), the solid curve boundaries between the phases indicate phase transitions (i.e., temperatures and pressures at which the phases coexist).
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A phase diagram combines plots of pressure versus temperature for the liquid-gas, solid-liquid, and solid-gas phase-transition equilibria of a substance. These diagrams indicate the physical states that exist under specific conditions of pressure and temperature and also provide the pressure dependence of the phase-transition temperatures (melting points, sublimation points, boiling points). Regions or areas labeled solid, liquid, and gas represent single phases, while lines or curves represent...
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Phase Transitions: Vaporization and Condensation02:39

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The physical form of a substance changes on changing its temperature. For example, raising the temperature of a liquid causes the liquid to vaporize (convert into vapor). The process is called vaporization—a surface phenomenon. Vaporization occurs when the thermal motion of the molecules overcome the intermolecular forces, and the molecules (at the surface) escape into the gaseous state. When a liquid vaporizes in a closed container, gas molecules cannot escape. As these gas phase...
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Z2topological phase transition in twisted plumbene.

Ayda Gholamhosseinian1, Mohsen Modarresi2, Mahmood Rezaee Roknabadi3

  • 1Department of Physics, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Azadi Sq., Mashhad, Razavi Khorasan, 9177948974, Iran (the Islamic Republic of).

Journal of Physics. Condensed Matter : an Institute of Physics Journal
|February 26, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Twisted bilayer plumbene exhibits tunable electronic and topological properties. Specific rotation angles can induce a phase transition from insulator to conductor or topological insulator (TI), enabling spintronic device applications.

Keywords:
PlumbeneTwisted monolayerZ2 topological phase

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Materials Science
  • Nanoscience

Background:

  • Moiré patterns in twisted 2D materials, like graphene, reveal unique electronic properties.
  • Twistronics leverages controlled twisting angles to engineer material characteristics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate the impact of rotation angles on electronic and topological properties of twisted bilayer plumbene.
  • Analyze the potential for phase transitions and topological insulator behavior in this system.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized density functional theory (DFT) to compute band structures.
  • Examined plumbene bilayers at various twisting angles.

Main Results:

  • Identified tunable electronic properties, including transitions from trivial insulator to conductor.
  • Observed characteristics of a topological insulator (TI) at specific rotation angles.
  • Confirmed the existence of both TI and conductor phases within the studied structures.

Conclusions:

  • Twisted bilayer plumbene offers a platform for engineering electronic and topological states.
  • The tunable nature of these properties suggests potential applications in advanced spintronic devices.