Related Experiment Video For IV
Updated: May 25, 2025
Comparing the Effects of Electronic Cigarette Vapor and Cigarette Smoke in a Novel In Vivo Exposure System
Published on: May 24, 2017
Switching from menthol to non-menthol cigarettes does not impact acute responses to intravenous nicotine
Noah R Wolkowicz1, Suprit Parida1, Ralitza Gueorguieva2
1Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States of America; VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, United States of America.
Background:
Limited research exists on how switching from menthol to non-menthol cigarettes affects the acute response to nicotine for individuals who smoke menthol cigarettes. Such research can inform public health strategies to reduce smoking prevalence.
Aims:
This study investigated whether switching from menthol to non-menthol cigarettes for two weeks alters the acute responses to intravenous nicotine infusions delivered at different rates. We assessed changes in subjective drug effects, smoking urges, withdrawal severity, heart rate, and performance on the Continuous Performance Test (CPT) (primary outcomes); as well as nicotine biomarker blood levels (ng/ml) of nicotine, cotinine, and nicotine metabolite ratio (NMR; hydroxycotinine/cotinine), and cigarette consumption (secondary outcomes).
Methods:
Sixteen menthol-preferring individuals who smoke cigarettes were randomized to a sequence of menthol or non-menthol cigarette smoking conditions for 2 weeks (Phase 1) and then switched to the other condition for another 2 weeks (Phase 2). During week 2 of each phase, an experimental session was held. During the experimental sessions, participants were given a total of 3 infusions, one saline and two nicotine infusions delivered at different rates (1 mg nicotine delivered over 2.5- and 5-min). Each infusion period lasted 10 min, with saline administered for the remainder of the time after the 2.5- and 5-min nicotine infusions. Following the first session, participants crossed over to the other smoking condition.
Results:
Switching to non-menthol cigarettes led to a decrease in daily cigarette smoking (p < .05). However, this switch did not appear to affect the severity of tobacco withdrawal, urges to smoke, or the subjective and heart rate responses to IV nicotine administration (p > .05).
Conclusions:
These findings suggest that switching from menthol to non-menthol cigarettes is feasible without significantly altering the individual's response to nicotine. Further, there may be a potential public health benefit through reduced cigarette consumption.
More Related Videos
08:47Spectral Confocal Imaging of Fluorescently tagged Nicotinic Receptors in Knock-in Mice with Chronic Nicotine Administration
Published on: February 10, 2012
09:30A Microcontroller Operated Device for the Generation of Liquid Extracts from Conventional Cigarette Smoke and Electronic Cigarette Aerosol
Published on: January 18, 2018
Related Concept Videos
01:23Drugs Acting on Autonomic Ganglia: Stimulants
Ganglionic stimulants activate NM nicotinic receptors in autonomic ganglia, falling into two categories: nicotine mimetics [e.g., lobeline, dimethylpiperazine, tetramethylammonium] and muscarinic receptor agonists [e.g., muscarine, methacholine]. The first category's action is rapid and blocked by nicotinic receptor antagonists, while the second category's action is delayed and blocked by atropine-like agents. Nicotine, an alkaloid, affects the heart rate by stimulating...
01:29Stimulants
Cocaine can be administered via snorting, injection, or smoking. It primarily functions by blocking the reuptake of dopamine, resulting in a euphoric high characterized by an intense sensation of happiness and...
01:27CNS Depressants: Alcohol and Nicotine