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Updated: May 25, 2025
A Flow Cytometry-based Assay for Measuring Mitochondrial Membrane Potential in Cardiac Myocytes After Hypoxia/Reoxygenation
Published on: July 13, 2018
Effect of Hypoxia on Irisin Secretion by Human Cardiomyocytes
Maciej Grzeszczuk1, Urszula Ciesielska2, Agnieszka Rusak2
1Division of Histology and Embryology, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland; maciej.grzeszczuk@student.umw.edu.pl.
Insights
Irisin (Ir), a potential cardiovascular disease (CVD) biomarker, increased in AC16 cardiomyocytes under hypoxia. This suggests elevated irisin may indicate CVD risk.
Area of Science:
- Cardiovascular Research
- Molecular Biology
- Biomarker Discovery
Background:
- Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a leading global cause of mortality.
- Current CVD diagnosis relies on biomarkers like troponins and natriuretic peptides.
- Irisin (Ir), a myokine from FNDC5, is emerging as a potential CVD biomarker involved in energy metabolism.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the expression of the FNDC5 gene and irisin levels in AC16 cardiomyocytes.
- To determine the effect of hypoxic conditions on FNDC5 and irisin in cardiac cells.
Main Methods:
- AC16 cardiomyocytes exposed to hypoxia for 2, 4, and 6 hours.
- Utilized western blot, immunofluorescence, RT-PCR, ELISA, and electron microscopy.
- Quantified FNDC5 gene expression and irisin protein levels.
Main Results:
- Hypoxia significantly upregulated FNDC5 gene expression in AC16 cells.
- Irisin levels demonstrated an increase within the initial hours of hypoxic exposure.
Conclusions:
- Elevated irisin levels under hypoxia may serve as an indicator for CVD risk assessment.
- Further investigation is warranted to validate irisin as a promising CVD biomarker in hypoxic conditions.
Background/Aim:
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death worldwide, accounting for 31% of all deaths. Biomarkers such as troponins and natriuretic peptides are crucial in diagnosing CVD. Recently, irisin (Ir), a myokine derived from the cleavage of fibronectin type III domain-containing protein 5 (FNDC5), has been identified as a potential new biomarker for CVD. Ir is involved in regulating energy metabolism. This study aimed to determine the expression levels of the FNDC5 gene and the level of Ir in cardiomyocytes of the AC16 line subjected to hypoxia.
Materials And Methods:
AC16 cardiomyocytes were cultured under hypoxic conditions for two, four, and six hours. Molecular studies were conducted using western blot, immunofluorescence, RT-PCR, immunoenzymatic test (ELISA), and electron microscopy methods.
Results:
FNDC5 gene expression was significantly elevated in cells subjected to hypoxia. Additionally, Ir levels increased in the first hours of hypoxia.
Conclusion:
Ir could be a potentially useful indicator for assessing CVD risk. Further research is needed to confirm whether elevated Ir levels under hypoxic conditions in AC16 cells represent a promising direction for the development of biomarkers for CVD.
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