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Understanding voice naturalness.

Christine Nussbaum1, Sascha Frühholz2, Stefan R Schweinberger3

  • 1Department for General Psychology and Cognitive Neuroscience, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany; Voice Research Unit, Friedrich Schiller University, 07743 Jena, Germany; The Voice Communication Sciences (VoCS) MSCA Doctoral Network.

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Understanding voice naturalness is key for human and artificial interactions. This review defines naturalness and proposes a framework, addressing research gaps for future progress in voice perception.

Keywords:
authenticityhuman-likenessnaturalnessvoice perceptionvoice synthesis

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Area of Science:

  • Acoustic phonetics
  • Speech perception
  • Human-computer interaction

Background:

  • Voice naturalness significantly impacts human and artificial agent interactions.
  • A systematic understanding of voice naturalness is currently lacking due to conceptual and methodological challenges.
  • Existing research on human and synthetic voices remains siloed, hindering comprehensive insight.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a concise definition of voice naturalness.
  • To propose a unified conceptual framework for voice naturalness.
  • To identify research gaps and future directions in voice naturalness.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of interdisciplinary literature on voice naturalness.
  • Analysis of empirical findings and theoretical models related to voice perception.
  • Synthesis of evidence to address conceptual underspecification and operational heterogeneity.

Main Results:

  • A concise, actionable definition of voice naturalness is proposed.
  • A novel conceptual framework integrating empirical and theoretical perspectives is presented.
  • Key research gaps and limitations in current understanding are identified.

Conclusions:

  • A unified approach is needed to advance the study of voice naturalness.
  • The proposed framework offers a foundation for future empirical research.
  • Further investigation is required to fully understand the nuances of voice perception and naturalness.