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Unprotected carbon dominates decadal soil carbon increase.

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Area of Science:

  • Soil Science
  • Environmental Science
  • Ecology

Background:

  • Soil organic carbon (SOC) fractions, particulate organic carbon (POC) and mineral-associated organic carbon (MAOC), influence SOC storage and stability.
  • Understanding changes in these fractions is crucial for soil carbon sequestration and climate change mitigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze global trends in SOC fractions (POC and MAOC) from 2000 to 2022.
  • To assess the impact of land management practices on SOC fractions and overall SOC storage.
  • To identify key factors driving changes in SOC stability.

Main Methods:

  • Compilation of a global SOC fraction dataset from 7219 soil samples across six continents.
  • Statistical analysis of changes in POC and MAOC over time and their relationship with land use and management.

Main Results:

  • Global SOC storage increased by 11.0% between 2000 and 2022, primarily driven by a 21.8% increase in POC.
  • MAOC decreased by 5.3%, leading to a 29.1% rise in the POC/MAOC ratio, indicating reduced SOC stability.
  • SOC declined in planted forests, grazed grasslands, and croplands under intensive management, mainly due to POC loss.

Conclusions:

  • While global SOC storage is increasing, this is mainly due to labile POC, which is more vulnerable to environmental changes.
  • Decreasing SOC stability, evidenced by the rising POC/MAOC ratio, poses risks under climate change and intensive land use.
  • Targeted strategies focusing on preserving and enhancing POC are essential for maintaining soil carbon sinks.