Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

The Water Cycle01:00

The Water Cycle

The Earth’s hydrosphere includes all of the areas where the storage and movement of water occurs. Since water is the basis of all living processes, the cycling of water is extremely important to ecosystem dynamics.
The Carbon Cycle01:14

The Carbon Cycle

Carbon is the basis of all organic matter on Earth, and is recycled through the ecosystem in two primary processes: one in which carbon is exchanged among living organisms, and one in which carbon is cycled over long periods of time through fossilized organic remains, weathering of rocks, and volcanic activity. Human activities, including increased agricultural practices and the burning of fossil fuels, has greatly affected the balance of the natural carbon cycle.
The Nitrogen Cycle01:49

The Nitrogen Cycle

Nitrogen atoms, present in all proteins and DNA, are recycled between abiotic and biotic components of the ecosystem. However, the primary form of nitrogen on Earth is nitrogen gas, which cannot be used by most animals and plants. Thus, nitrogen gas must first be converted into a usable form by nitrogen-fixing bacteria before it can be cycled through other living organisms. The use of nitrogen-containing fertilizers and animal waste products in human agriculture has greatly influenced the...
What is Climate?01:16

What is Climate?

Climate refers to the prevailing weather conditions in a specific area over an extended period. As the saying goes, “Climate is what you expect. Weather is what you get.” Climate is influenced by geographic factors, such as latitude, terrain, and proximity to bodies of water.
Global Climate Change01:50

Global Climate Change

Throughout its ~4.5 billion year history, the Earth has experienced periods of warming and cooling. However, the current drastic increase in global temperatures is well outside of the Earth’s cyclic norms, and evidence for human-caused global climate change is compelling. Paleoclimatology, the study of ancient climate conditions, provides ample evidence for human-caused global climate change by comparing recent conditions with those in the past.
Microbes and Climate Change01:27

Microbes and Climate Change

Microorganisms are pivotal agents in Earth's biogeochemical cycles, significantly influencing climate dynamics through their metabolic activities. These microbes modulate the levels of key greenhouse gases by both contributing to and helping mitigate climate change.Microbial Contributions to Greenhouse Gas EmissionsRising global temperatures accelerate microbial metabolism, which, in turn, speeds up the decomposition of organic matter. This process releases carbon dioxide (CO₂) through...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Combined effects of photorespiration and fire strongly regulate atmospheric oxygen levels.

Science advances·2026
Same author

The hard steps model and whole Earth-system transitions.

Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences·2025
Same author

Corrigendum to "Does the diurnal pattern of enteric methane emissions from dairy cows change over time?" [Animal 12(10) (2018) 2065-2070].

Animal : an international journal of animal bioscience·2025
Same author

Author Correction: Continued Atlantic overturning circulation even under climate extremes.

Nature·2025
Same author

Quantifying tipping behavior: Geometric early warnings and quasipotentials for a box model of AMOC.

Chaos (Woodbury, N.Y.)·2025
Same author

Observed mechanisms activating the recent subpolar North Atlantic Warming since 2016.

Philosophical transactions. Series A, Mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences·2023

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 4, 2026

Uncoupling Coriolis Force and Rotating Buoyancy Effects on Full-Field Heat Transfer Properties of a Rotating Channel
10:03

Uncoupling Coriolis Force and Rotating Buoyancy Effects on Full-Field Heat Transfer Properties of a Rotating Channel

Published on: October 5, 2018

8.1K

Continued Atlantic overturning circulation even under climate extremes.

J A Baker1, M J Bell2, L C Jackson2

  • 1Met Office, Exeter, UK. jonathan.baker@metoffice.gov.uk.

Nature
|February 26, 2025
PubMed
Summary

The Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) is unlikely to collapse this century. Southern Ocean upwelling stabilizes the AMOC, even under extreme climate change scenarios, preventing collapse.

More Related Videos

Evolution of Staircase Structures in Diffusive Convection
07:28

Evolution of Staircase Structures in Diffusive Convection

Published on: September 5, 2018

6.4K
Using Generative Art to Convey Past and Future Climate Transitions
06:10

Using Generative Art to Convey Past and Future Climate Transitions

Published on: March 31, 2023

854

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 4, 2026

Uncoupling Coriolis Force and Rotating Buoyancy Effects on Full-Field Heat Transfer Properties of a Rotating Channel
10:03

Uncoupling Coriolis Force and Rotating Buoyancy Effects on Full-Field Heat Transfer Properties of a Rotating Channel

Published on: October 5, 2018

8.1K
Evolution of Staircase Structures in Diffusive Convection
07:28

Evolution of Staircase Structures in Diffusive Convection

Published on: September 5, 2018

6.4K
Using Generative Art to Convey Past and Future Climate Transitions
06:10

Using Generative Art to Convey Past and Future Climate Transitions

Published on: March 31, 2023

854

Area of Science:

  • Climate Science
  • Oceanography
  • Earth System Science

Background:

  • The Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) is crucial for global heat distribution.
  • Projected weakening of the AMOC due to global warming raises concerns about climate impacts.
  • Uncertainty exists regarding the extent of AMOC weakening and potential collapse.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the resilience of the AMOC under extreme climate forcings.
  • To determine the likelihood of AMOC collapse in response to greenhouse gas and freshwater changes.
  • To identify mechanisms stabilizing the AMOC.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of 34 climate models simulating extreme greenhouse gas and North Atlantic freshwater forcings.
  • Examination of Southern Ocean upwelling and its influence on AMOC stability.
  • Assessment of the role of the Pacific Meridional Overturning Circulation (PMOC) in compensating for Southern Ocean upwelling.

Main Results:

  • The AMOC demonstrates resilience to extreme forcings across all 34 climate models.
  • Southern Ocean upwelling consistently sustains a weakened AMOC, preventing complete collapse.
  • While a compensating PMOC emerges in most models, it is insufficient to fully balance Southern Ocean upwelling.

Conclusions:

  • AMOC collapse is unlikely this century due to stabilizing mechanisms.
  • Southern Ocean and Indo-Pacific circulations are key factors in predicting future AMOC changes.
  • Understanding these circulations is vital for predicting impacts on ecosystems and ocean biogeochemistry.