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Association between allergic diseases and hypertension: Co-occurrence pattern analysis.

Xueshan Cao1, Guanqi Zhao2, Huiyuan Peng3

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Co-occurring allergic diseases, such as allergic rhinitis and food allergy, significantly increase hypertension risk and mortality. Understanding these patterns is key for targeted hypertension prevention strategies.

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Area of Science:

  • Epidemiology
  • Cardiovascular Health
  • Allergy and Immunology

Background:

  • The relationship between co-occurring allergic diseases and hypertension risk is not well understood.
  • Previous research has not comprehensively evaluated the combined impact of multiple allergic conditions on hypertension development and outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between patterns of co-occurring allergic diseases and hypertension morbidity and mortality.
  • To evaluate potential additive interaction effects between different allergic diseases on hypertension risk.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized data from the U.S. National Health Interview Survey (2012) with a median follow-up of 7.5 years.
  • Assessed hypertension, five allergic diseases (asthma, allergic rhinitis, food allergy, eczema, other allergy), and hypertension mortality.
  • Calculated relative excess risk due to interaction (RERI) and attributable proportion (AP) to evaluate additive interactions.

Main Results:

  • Four patterns of two allergic diseases and five patterns of three allergic diseases were linked to increased hypertension risk.
  • Significant additive interactions were observed for allergic rhinitis + food allergy (AP 29%), eczema + other allergy (AP 22%), allergic rhinitis + eczema (AP 12%), and asthma + allergic rhinitis (AP 3%).
  • The co-occurrence of asthma and food allergy showed a significantly increased risk of hypertension mortality (AP 52%) and was modified by body mass index (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m²).

Conclusions:

  • Specific co-occurrence patterns of allergic diseases significantly elevate the risk of hypertension morbidity and mortality.
  • Evidence suggests a potential biologic additive effect among co-occurring allergic diseases and a modifying effect of BMI on hypertension risk.
  • Precision primary prevention strategies for hypertension are crucial for individuals with multiple allergic conditions.