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The multiple self and psychological openness.

Hubert Suszek1, Maciej Kopera2, Andrzej Jakubczyk2

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Activating the multiple self-mode, recognizing diverse self-aspects, enhances psychological openness. This contrasts with the unitary self-mode, promoting cognitive and experiential flexibility.

Keywords:
multiple selfopen-mindednessopenness to experiencepsychological opennessself-conceptunitary self

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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Cognitive Science
  • Personality Psychology

Background:

  • Two distinct self-experience modes exist: unitary (cohesive, stable self) and multiple (diverse, context-dependent self-aspects).
  • These self-modes organize self-knowledge and can be situationally activated.
  • Empirical research on the psychological impact of these self-modes is limited.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To empirically investigate the influence of the multiple self-mode versus the unitary self-mode on psychological openness.
  • To determine if activating the multiple self-mode enhances psychological openness compared to the unitary self-mode.

Main Methods:

  • Five experiments involving 989 participants were conducted.
  • Participants were experimentally induced into either the multiple self-mode or the unitary self-mode.
  • Psychological openness was measured across various domains using different operationalizations.

Main Results:

  • Activation of the multiple self-mode consistently enhanced psychological openness compared to the unitary self-mode.
  • This effect was observed across different facets of openness, including state openness, openness to change, range of values, psychological mindedness, and decentering.
  • Moderate effect sizes (d = 0.31–0.44) were found across various measures and manipulations.

Conclusions:

  • The organization of self-knowledge significantly impacts cognitive and experiential flexibility.
  • Findings contribute to understanding personality plasticity and psychological development.
  • The multiple self-mode appears to foster greater openness and flexibility.