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Association Between Prenatal Antibiotic Exposure and Infant Wheeze Outcomes

Rachel G Greenberg1,2, Amii M Kress3, Guojing Wu3

  • 1Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA.

Acta Paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992)
|February 27, 2025
PubMed

Insights

Prenatal antibiotic exposure was linked to increased infant medication use for cough and wheeze. However, it did not raise the risk of severe respiratory events like hospitalizations.

Area of Science:

  • Reproductive Health
  • Pediatric Health
  • Environmental Health

Background:

  • Antibiotic use during pregnancy is common.
  • The impact of prenatal antibiotic exposure on infant respiratory health is not fully understood.
  • Wheezing and cough are common infant respiratory symptoms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between antibiotic exposure during pregnancy and infant wheezing and cough.
  • To determine if prenatal antibiotic exposure increases the risk of severe respiratory outcomes in infants.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of data from 12 cohorts within the Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort Consortium.
  • Inclusion of 4721 pregnancies and 4779 infants.
  • Use of generalized estimating equations and logistic models with inverse propensity score adjustment for antibiotic exposure.

Main Results:

  • 36% of individuals received antibiotics during pregnancy.
  • Prenatal antibiotic exposure was not associated with an increased odds of wheeze, hospitalization, or emergency room visits for respiratory symptoms.
  • Prenatal antibiotic exposure was associated with a higher odds of medication use for wheeze or dry cough (OR=1.62, 95% CI 1.10, 2.38).

Conclusions:

  • Prenatal antibiotic exposure may be linked to increased medication use for infant respiratory symptoms.
  • The risk of severe respiratory events, such as hospitalizations, does not appear to be elevated by prenatal antibiotic exposure.
Abstract

Keywords:
anti‐bacterial agentschildreninfantspregnancywheezing

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