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Related Concept Videos

Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

461
Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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Cancer Therapies02:49

Cancer Therapies

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Cancer therapies are various modes of treatment, such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy that are administered to cancer patients.
However, cancer treatments can pose several challenges, as therapies used to kill cancer cells are generally also toxic to normal cells. Moreover, cancer cells mutate rapidly and can develop resistance to chemical agents or radiation therapy. Besides, all types of cancer cells may not respond to the same therapy. Some cancer cells respond to one...
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Targeted Cancer Therapies02:57

Targeted Cancer Therapies

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The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
There are several types of targeted therapies against...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 25, 2025

Intramucosal Inoculation of Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cells in Mice for Tumor Immune Profiling and Treatment Response Assessment
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Immunotherapy for orbital squamous cell carcinoma.

Khizar Rana1,2,3, Mark Beecher1,2, Jessica Y Tong4

  • 1Discipline of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.

Orbit (Amsterdam, Netherlands)
|February 27, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Immunotherapy shows promise for invasive orbital squamous cell carcinoma. In a cohort of ten patients, 80% experienced radiological response, with two showing complete pathologic response after treatment with Cemiplimab or Pembrolizumab.

Keywords:
Immunotherapyorbitsquamous cell carcinoma

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Oncology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Orbital squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a rare malignancy.
  • Treatment options for advanced OSCC are limited.
  • Immunotherapy has emerged as a potential treatment modality.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the demographics, clinical features, and treatment response of orbital squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) patients treated with immunotherapy.
  • To assess outcomes in an Australian and New Zealand cohort.

Main Methods:

  • Multi-institutional, retrospective case series.
  • Data collection included demographics, clinical presentation, imaging, treatment, and outcomes.
  • Post-immunotherapy surgical interventions and histological findings were documented.

Main Results:

  • Ten patients with invasive OSCC were included; six had perineural spread.
  • Seven patients received Cemiplimab, three received Pembrolizumab, with no treatment cessation due to side effects.
  • Eighty percent (80%) showed radiological response; two had complete pathologic response post-surgery.

Conclusions:

  • Immunotherapy demonstrates a promising role in managing invasive orbital squamous cell carcinoma.
  • Further research is warranted to establish optimal immunotherapy protocols for OSCC.