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Emerging Clostridioides difficile ribotypes have divergent metabolic phenotypes.

Firas S Midani1,2, Heather A Danhof1,2, Nathanael Mathew1,2

  • 1Alkek Center for Metagenomics and Microbiome Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.

Msystems
|February 27, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Clostridioides difficile (C. difficile) exhibits diverse metabolic capabilities across its ribotypes. This study reveals lineage-specific metabolic differences, crucial for understanding pathogen evolution and developing targeted interventions.

Keywords:
Clostridioides difficilecarbon metabolismgrowth modelingribotyping

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Pathogen Metabolism
  • Genomic Epidemiology

Background:

  • Clostridioides difficile is a significant cause of diarrheal infections.
  • Genetic diversity exists among C. difficile ribotypes, with some linked to epidemics.
  • Metabolic adaptations may drive the emergence of epidemic C. difficile strains.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate ribotype-specific metabolic differences in Clostridioides difficile.
  • To identify carbon substrate utilization patterns across various C. difficile isolates and ribotypes.
  • To understand the role of metabolic adaptations in the evolution of epidemic C. difficile lineages.

Main Methods:

  • Carbon substrate utilization assays were performed on 88 C. difficile clinical isolates.
  • Growth differences were assessed across 22 distinct C. difficile ribotypes.
  • Phylogenetic relationships were analyzed in conjunction with metabolic profiling.

Main Results:

  • C. difficile isolates demonstrated varied carbon substrate utilization capabilities.
  • Metabolic profiles generally clustered according to C. difficile phylogenetic lineage and ribotype.
  • Emerging lineages (ribotypes 023 and 255) exhibited distinct metabolic phenotypes.
  • Clade 5, despite being evolutionarily distant, showed robust growth on simple sugars, similar to other clades.

Conclusions:

  • C. difficile possesses a generalist metabolic strategy but with significant lineage-specific variations.
  • Metabolic divergence in emerging lineages highlights potential drivers of C. difficile epidemiology.
  • Understanding C. difficile metabolic diversity is vital for pathogen evolution studies and therapeutic strategy design.