Magnetic resonance imaging performance: a comparison of sodium and hydrogen

Although many nuclei can be used to produce magnetic resonance (MR) images, technical considerations dictate the choice of certain of these. Hydrogen is the most favorable, followed by sodium. We present an evaluation of the imaging performance of sodium MR imaging based on imager performance and biologic factors. Because it is hampered by high operating fields, low signal-to-noise levels, and radiofrequency power deposition constraints, careful clinical comparisons will be needed to identify a diagnostic niche that could take advantage of the large sodium differences known to exist within biologic systems.