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Chemical Bonds

Chemical Bonds

Atoms participate in a chemical bond formation to acquire a completed valence-shell electron configuration similar to that of the noble gas nearest to it in atomic number. Ionic, covalent, and metallic bonds are some of the important types of chemical bonds. Bond energy and bond length determine the strength of a chemical bond.
Types of Chemical Bonds
An ionic bond is formed due to electrostatic attraction between cations and anions. Often, the ions are formed by the transfer of electrons...

Noncovalent Attractions in Biomolecules

Noncovalent Attractions in Biomolecules

Noncovalent attractions are associations within and between molecules that influence the shape and structural stability of complexes. These interactions differ from covalent bonding in that they do not involve sharing of electrons.
Four types of noncovalent interactions are hydrogen bonds, van der Waals forces, ionic bonds, and hydrophobic interactions.
Hydrogen bonding results from the electrostatic attraction of a hydrogen atom covalently bonded to a strong-electronegative atom like oxygen,...

Types of Chemical Bonds

Types of Chemical Bonds

Chemical bonding theories were pioneered by American chemist Gilbert N. Lewis. He developed a model called the Lewis model to explain the type and formation of different bonds. Chemical bonding is central to chemistry; it explains how atoms or ions bond together to form molecules. It explains why some bonds are strong and others are weak, or why one carbon bonds with two oxygens and not three; why water is H2O and not H4O.

Molecular and Ionic Solids

Molecular and Ionic Solids

Crystalline solids are divided into four types: molecular, ionic, metallic, and covalent network based on the type of constituent units and their interparticle interactions.
Molecular Solids
Molecular crystalline solids, such as ice, sucrose (table sugar), and iodine, are solids that are composed of neutral molecules as their constituent units. These molecules are held together by weak intermolecular forces such as London dispersion forces, dipole-dipole interactions, or hydrogen bonds, which...

Valence Bond Theory

Valence Bond Theory

Overview of Valence Bond Theory

Intermolecular Forces

Intermolecular Forces

Atoms and molecules interact through bonds (or forces): intramolecular and intermolecular. The forces are electrostatic as they arise from interactions (attractive or repulsive) between charged species (permanent, partial, or temporary charges) and exist with varying strengths between ions, polar, nonpolar, and neutral molecules. The different types of intermolecular forces are ion–dipole, dipole–dipole, hydrogen bonds, and dispersion; among these, dipole–dipole, hydrogen...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 25, 2025

Atomic Force Microscopy Cantilever-Based Nanoindentation: Mechanical Property Measurements at the Nanoscale in Air and Fluid

Atomic Force Microscopy Cantilever-Based Nanoindentation: Mechanical Property Measurements at the Nanoscale in Air and Fluid

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Entropic Bonding-Not Quite So Simple Behaviors from Simple Hard Particles.

¹Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA;

Annual Review of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering

|February 27, 2025

Summary

Entropy drives self-assembly by creating attractive forces between particles, leading to ordered structures. This study explains entropic crystallization and proposes a theory of entropic bonding for materials design.

Keywords:

colloids entropy nanoparticles self-assembly simulation theory

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Area of Science:

Materials Science
Statistical Mechanics
Soft Matter Physics

Background:

Directed self-assembly utilizes particle shape and anisotropy for controlled organization.
Entropy, a measure of disorder, is paradoxically employed to achieve ordered states.

Purpose of the Study:

To elucidate the principles of entropic crystallization and entropy maximization.
To demonstrate how entropic forces generate emergent attractive interactions in particle systems.
To establish a theoretical framework for entropic bonding in materials design.

Main Methods:

Explanation of governing principles of entropic crystallization.
Analysis of emergent attractive interactions in hard particle systems.
Development of a mathematical theory for entropic bonding.

Main Results:

Entropy acts as a mediator of interparticle attraction through system-level behaviors.
Sterically repulsive particles can exhibit emergent, bond-like attractions.
A formal theory of entropic bonding is presented.

Conclusions:

Entropy can be harnessed to create ordered assemblies from disordered building blocks.
Entropic forces provide a mechanism for attraction in systems of repulsive particles.
The theory of entropic bonding offers a framework for advanced materials design through entropic crystallization.