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Proteins can undergo many types of post-translational modifications, often in response to changes in their environment. These modifications play an important role in the function and stability of these proteins. Covalently linked molecules include functional groups, such as methyl, acetyl, and phosphate groups, and also small proteins, such as ubiquitin. There are around 200 different types of covalent regulators that have been identified.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 25, 2025

In Vitro Analysis of E3 Ubiquitin Ligase Function
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Molecular glue-augmented E2-ubiquitin recognition from a computational approach.

Danial Muhammad1, Wei Xia2, Musheng Wang1

  • 1Faculty of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen University of Advanced Technology, Shenzhen 518107, China; Key Laboratory of Quantitative Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.

International Journal of Biological Macromolecules
|February 27, 2025
PubMed
Summary

A new computational method accurately predicts molecular glue interactions with ubiquitin-E2 complexes, aiding in the discovery of new drugs for protein degradation. This advances understanding of ubiquitination and protein binding.

Keywords:
CooperativityMolecular glueProtein-ligand bindingProtein-protein interactionUbiquitin

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Area of Science:

  • Computational Chemistry
  • Biochemistry
  • Structural Biology

Background:

  • Ubiquitin (Ub) targets misfolded proteins for proteasomal degradation.
  • Molecular glues (MGs) enhance protein-protein interactions, particularly in ubiquitination.
  • Efficient computational methods for studying MG-Ub-protease systems are lacking.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce a cost-effective computational framework for characterizing the thermodynamics of molecular glue-induced ubiquitination.
  • To analyze the thermodynamics of Ub-E2 recognition enhancement by MGs.
  • To facilitate high-throughput virtual screening of MGs for protein-protein recognition.

Main Methods:

  • Developed an all-atom computational framework to analyze thermodynamic driving forces.
  • Tested the framework on the CDC34A-Ub system with 18 different molecular glues.
  • Compared the method with standard approaches like MM/GBSA and AutoDock Vina.

Main Results:

  • The framework successfully decoded interaction thermodynamics in the multimeric system.
  • It enabled ranking of molecular glue-E2-Ub affinities and captured MG-induced interaction strengthening.
  • Identified key interfacial residues involved in molecular glue and Ub-E2 binding.

Conclusions:

  • The developed computational approach accurately characterizes molecular glue-protein interactions.
  • It outperforms standard methods in analyzing complex ubiquitination systems.
  • This framework can accelerate the discovery of novel molecular glues for therapeutic applications.