Pre- and post-diagnosis dietary patterns and overall survival in patients with epithelial ovarian cancer: a...

Previous studies have examined the associations between individual foods or nutrients, but few studies have considered dietary patterns associated with ovarian cancer (OC) survival.

In a prospective cohort study, we examined the association between pre-diagnosis and post-diagnosis overall diet, including changes from pre-diagnosis to post-diagnosis, and overall survival (OS) in 560 patients with OC. Dietary intake was collected using a valid 111-item food frequency questionnaire. Principal component analysis was performed to determine the dietary patterns. Cox proportional hazard regression models were used to assess the hazard ratio (HRs) and 95% confidence interval (CIs).

Two dietary patterns were identified: Balanced and nutritious pattern and Energy-dense pattern. The highest tertile of the post-diagnosis Balanced and nutritious pattern scores was related to better OS compared with the lowest tertile (HR = 0.40, 95% CI = 0.17-0.95, P_trend < 0.05). However, no significant association between pre-diagnosis and post-diagnosis Energy-dense pattern scores and OS was observed. Compared to those who had persistently high Balanced and nutritious pattern scores, patients who changed from a high score of pre-diagnosis Balanced and nutritious pattern to low post-diagnosis, as well as those who shifted from a low to a high score, both had a decreased OS (HR_{high-low vs. high-high} = 1.91, 95% CI = 1.18-3.08; HR_{low-high vs. high-high} = 2.19, 95% CI = 1.24-3.86). Additionally, patients who changed from a high pre-diagnosis score to a low post-diagnosis score had a decreased OS compared to those with consistently low Energy-dense pattern scores (HR_{high-low vs. low-low} = 1.74, 95% CI = 1.06-2.84).

Greater adherence to the Balanced and nutritious pattern as well as less adherence to the Energy-dense pattern from pre-diagnosis to post-diagnosis were associated with better OC survival.