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Changes in Overhand Throwing Patterns as a Function of Ball Size.

Allen W Burton1, Nancy L Greer1, Diane M Wiese1

  • 1the Division of Kinesiology, 1900 University Avenue S.E., University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455-0155.

Pediatric Exercise Science
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Throwing mechanics are stable for specific ball sizes, but change when ball diameter exceeds hand width. This impacts backswing and forearm components, suggesting size-specific training is needed.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomechanics
  • Human Movement Science

Background:

  • Understanding the biomechanics of throwing is crucial for sports performance and injury prevention.
  • Previous research has explored various factors influencing throwing, but the specific impact of ball size on throwing components requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the stability of throwing components across different ball sizes.
  • To determine how changes in ball size affect the kinematic components of the one-hand overhand throw.
  • To identify critical ball diameters that may alter throwing patterns.

Main Methods:

  • Participants (males and females across four age groups) performed one-hand overhand throws with six different styrofoam ball diameters.
  • Each ball size was thrown four times from a distance of 6.7 meters.
  • Five components of the throwing motion were analyzed for stability and changes across ball sizes.

Main Results:

  • Throwing component levels were generally stable for individuals at specific ball sizes.
  • Instability in component levels often indicated a transition to a new pattern (70.6% of the time).
  • Increasing ball size primarily affected the backswing and forearm components, likely due to grip difficulties when ball diameter exceeded hand width.

Conclusions:

  • Throwing patterns are influenced by ball size, with distinct changes occurring when ball diameter approaches or exceeds hand width.
  • Coaches and athletes should consider ball size in training, as it can alter fundamental throwing mechanics.
  • A critical ball diameter, approximately equal to hand width, may necessitate adjustments in throwing technique.