miR‑100: A key tumor suppressor regulatory factor in human malignant tumors (Review)

MicroRNA (miRNA/miR)‑100 is a crucial tumor‑suppressive miRNA that serves a pivotal role in the initiation and progression of various malignancies. miR‑100 regulates cancer cell proliferation, migration, invasion and apoptosis by targeting oncogenes, and acts as a molecular sponge to regulate long non‑coding RNAs and circular RNAs, thereby influencing processes such as glycolysis, autophagy and resistance to chemotherapy/radiotherapy. Furthermore, miR‑100 suppresses tumor progression by modulating key signaling pathways, including the PI3K/AKT and Wnt/β‑catenin signaling pathways. miR‑100 exhibits potential for early cancer diagnosis, particularly in cancer types such as gastric and lung cancer, where it can serve as a non‑invasive biomarker for early screening. As a therapeutic target, restoring miR‑100 expression can enhance the efficacy of chemotherapy or targeted therapy, thereby improving patient prognosis. Although challenges remain in its clinical application, including delivery systems and safety concerns, ongoing research suggests that miR‑100 holds promise for personalized treatment and early diagnosis. Given that cancer remains a global health challenge, research on miR‑100 provides hope for cancer therapy, particularly in China, where the mortality rates of malignancies such as gastric, lung and liver cancer continue to rise, further emphasizing its potential for clinical translation.