Effects of digital health interventions in women with high-risk pregnancies: a systematic review

This systematic review evaluated the effectiveness of digital health interventions (DHIs) using technology-based strategies for women with pregnancy complications.

Six databases were searched: MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, ProQuest, and Web of Science. The main concepts of interest were (1) target population: women with high-risk pregnancies; (2) health condition: pregnancy complications; (3) interventions: DHIs operationalized via mobile applications, the internet, and text messages; and (4) study design: randomized controlled trials (RCTs). The literature search was performed up to August 31, 2024.

The seven RCTs included in this review were published between 2016 and 2022. These studies originated from three countries: the United Kingdom, Switzerland, and the United States, and involved a total of 5,550 women. Two studies focused on gestational hypertension, four addressed preterm labor, and one dealt with preeclampsia. The interventions were delivered through phone applications or web platforms. While the primary outcomes did not show significant differences between the intervention and control groups across all studies, DHIs demonstrated meaningful secondary outcomes, including reductions in anxiety and stress among high-risk pregnant women.

This review highlights the potential of DHIs to play a vital role in managing high-risk pregnancies. They facilitate early detection and risk prediction of pregnancy complications. Furthermore, digital health tools can markedly reduce stress and anxiety among high-risk pregnant women by providing psychological support. Overall, DHIs present a comprehensive approach to managing physical risks and improving mental well-being in women with high-risk pregnancies.