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Evaluating the effectiveness of evidence-based falls prevention programs: a study on participant risk levels and
1Center for Optimal Aging, Marymount University, Arlington, VA, United States.
Frontiers in Public Health
|February 28, 2025
Summary
Older adults in fall prevention programs often have different risk levels than programs target. This study found that moderate-to-low risk programs enrolled more high-risk adults than expected, highlighting a need for better alignment.
Area of Science:
- Gerontology
- Public Health
- Injury Prevention
Background:
- Falls are a major cause of injury and death in older adults.
- Evidence-based fall prevention programs (EBFPPs) exist but their participant risk alignment is unclear.
- Classifying EBFPPs by fall risk helps understand program suitability.
Purpose of the Study:
- To create a fall-risk classification index for participants.
- To compare participant fall-risk levels with EBFPP target profiles.
- To assess the congruency between enrolled and recommended fall-risk levels in EBFPPs.
Main Methods:
- Utilized data from the Healthy Aging Programs Integrated Database.
- Developed a fall risk index from pre-participation surveys.
- Compared participant fall risk levels to EBFPP risk profiles using NCOA guidance.
Main Results:
- Over 105,000 older adults participated in eight EBFPPs (2016-2022).
- A fall risk index identified 29% high-risk, 41% moderate-risk, and 30% low-risk participants.
- Programs targeting moderate-to-low risk enrolled a higher percentage of high-risk adults than anticipated.
Conclusions:
- All EBFPPs enrolled participants across all risk levels.
- Most programs showed some alignment with the fall-risk continuum.
- Further research is needed to address discrepancies in risk-level classification and program adaptation.
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