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A type of Lewis acid-base chemistry involves the formation of a complex ion (or a coordination complex) comprising a central atom, typically a transition metal cation, surrounded by ions or molecules called ligands. These ligands can be neutral molecules like H2O or NH3, or ions such as CN− or OH−. Often, the ligands act as Lewis bases, donating a pair of electrons to the central atom. These types of Lewis acid-base reactions are examples of a broad subdiscipline called coordination...
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Crystal Field Theory
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Facilitating Sodium-Ion Diffusion in Fe-Doped Co3O4 for High-Rate Performance.

Yonghuan Fu1, Guowei Sun2, Rene Lucka3

  • 1Fachgebiet Angewandte Nanophysik, Institut für Physik & IMN MacroNano, Technische Universität Ilmenau, 98693, Ilmenau, Germany.

Small (Weinheim an Der Bergstrasse, Germany)
|February 28, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Iron doping enhances cobalt oxide nanoparticles for sodium-ion battery anodes. This strategy improves conductivity and ion transport, leading to superior rate capability and stable cycling performance in sodium-ion batteries.

Keywords:
electronic conductivityhigh‐rate performanceiron‐doped Co3O4, sodium‐ion diffusiontransport spacing

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Cobalt oxide (Co3O4) is a promising anode material for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) due to its high theoretical capacity.
  • However, low conductivity and poor rate performance hinder the practical application of Co3O4 in SIBs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To enhance the electrochemical performance of Co3O4 anodes for SIBs.
  • To investigate the effect of iron (Fe) doping on the structure and properties of Co3O4 nanoparticles.

Main Methods:

  • Co-precipitation doping strategy to synthesize iron-doped Co3O4 nanoparticles (FexCo3-xO4 NPs).
  • Experimental characterization and theoretical calculations to confirm Fe doping sites and analyze structural changes.
  • Electrochemical testing of FexCo3-xO4 NPs as anodes in SIBs, including rate capability and cycling stability tests.
  • Assembly and testing of a Na-ion full cell using FexCo3-xO4 NPs.

Main Results:

  • Fe doping at octahedral sites within the spinel structure of Co3O4 was confirmed.
  • Fe doping led to a decreased bandgap and enlarged ion transport spacing, facilitating electron and Na-ion transport.
  • The FexCo3-xO4 NPs exhibited an impressive rate capability of 402.9 mAh g⁻¹ at 3 A g⁻¹.
  • Remarkable cycling stability was achieved, maintaining 786.2 mAh g⁻¹ after 500 cycles at 0.5 A g⁻¹ with no capacity fading.
  • A Na-ion full cell demonstrated a discharge capacity of 105 mAh g⁻¹ with stable cycling.

Conclusions:

  • Fe doping is a critical factor in enhancing the rate performance and cycling stability of Co3O4 anodes for SIBs.
  • The enhanced performance is attributed to improved electron and ion transport facilitated by Fe doping.
  • This study offers valuable insights into designing high-rate electrodes and presents a promising approach for advanced sodium anodes.