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Related Concept Videos

Drug Delivery: Enteral Route01:18

Drug Delivery: Enteral Route

365
The enteral drug administration involves three primary routes: oral, sublingual, and buccal. Oral ingestion is the most prevalent, safe, economical, and convenient method for drug administration. However, it has certain drawbacks, including limited absorption due to the drug's low water solubility or poor membrane permeability, possible emesis from GI mucosa irritation, destruction of drugs by digestive enzymes or low gastric pH, and irregular absorption along with food or other drugs.
365
Drug Delivery: Overview01:16

Drug Delivery: Overview

270
The selection of a drug's delivery route depends upon its physicochemical properties, including lipid or water solubility and ionization, as well as the therapeutic requirement, such as immediate or sustained effect. These routes can be divided into three primary categories: enteral, parenteral, and topical.
Enteral delivery involves administering drugs directly through swallowing, sublingual placement, or buccal application. Orally administered drugs predominantly navigate the...
270
Drug Delivery: Miscellaneous Routes01:22

Drug Delivery: Miscellaneous Routes

299
Drug delivery methods like oral inhalation, nasal sprays, transdermal patches, eye drops, intravitreal injection,  and rectal administration provide localized effects with reduced toxicity.
Oral inhalation and nasal sprays swiftly transfer drugs across the respiratory epithelium's mucosal layer. Inhaled glucocorticoids and bronchodilators directly target lung conditions such as asthma, while fluticasone nasal spray mitigates allergic rhinitis.
Transdermal patches transport drugs...
299
Factors Affecting Dissolution: Particle Size and Effective Surface Area01:23

Factors Affecting Dissolution: Particle Size and Effective Surface Area

669
Dissolution kinetics, an essential aspect of oral drug delivery, is significantly influenced by the drug's particle size. According to the Noyes-Whitney dissolution model, the dissolution rate correlates directly with the drug's surface area. The larger the surface area, the higher the drug's solubility in water, leading to a faster drug dissolution rate. Reducing particle size increases the effective surface area, enhancing the dissolution process. Micronization and nanosizing are...
669
Methods for Studying Drug Absorption: In situ01:09

Methods for Studying Drug Absorption: In situ

195
In situ experiments, such as the Doluisio method and Single-Pass Perfusion technique, provide critical insights into drug uptake by simulating in vivo conditions for drug absorption.
The Doluisio method involves perfusing a prepared segment of a rat's small intestine with a solution of radiolabeled drug and a non-absorbable marker. This helps to differentiate between absorbed and non-absorbed drug concentrations. The intestinal segment is connected at both ends using tubing and syringes,...
195
Routes of Drug Administration: Enteral01:18

Routes of Drug Administration: Enteral

3.2K
Medications can be administered through the enteral route using liquids, capsules, or tablets.
Enteral administration involves drug administration via the mouth in two ways: orally or sublingually.
Unlike sublingually drugs, drugs that are taken orally pass through the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and get metabolized by the liver. Once metabolized, the drug is absorbed into the systemic circulation, reaching different body parts via the bloodstream. However, while passing through the stomach,...
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Alternating Magnetic Field-Responsive Hybrid Gelatin Microgels for Controlled Drug Release
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Innovative Gastrointestinal Drug Delivery Systems: Nanoparticles, Hydrogels, and Microgrippers.

Haiming Chen1, Waliul Islam1, Jessica El Halabi1

  • 1Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA.

Frontiers in Bioscience (Landmark Edition)
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Summary

New drug delivery systems (DDSs) offer improved potency and bioavailability, overcoming limitations of traditional pharmaceuticals. This review highlights advanced DDSs like nanoparticles and hydrogels for targeted gastrointestinal drug delivery, especially for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Pharmaceutics
  • Drug Delivery Systems

Background:

  • Conventional drug formulations often require frequent dosing due to rapid release and short elimination, leading to adverse events and poor patient compliance.
  • Significant research has focused on developing advanced drug delivery systems (DDSs) for sustained and targeted therapeutic delivery.
  • Early strategies included silicone rubber embedding and polymer encapsulation, evolving into diverse DDSs for various therapeutic agents.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the latest advancements in DDSs for gastrointestinal (GI) drug delivery.
  • To examine DDS designs and strategies specifically adapted to the unique GI tract environment.
  • To highlight DDS applications in treating inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) based on preclinical studies.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent literature on DDS technologies.
  • Analysis of DDS design principles for GI tract targeting.
  • Focus on nanoparticles, hydrogels, and microgrippers as key DDS modalities.
  • Inclusion of preclinical *in vivo* studies for IBD treatment.

Main Results:

  • Emerging DDS technologies enhance drug potency, bioavailability, and targeted delivery.
  • Nanoparticles, hydrogels, and microgrippers show promise for GI drug delivery.
  • DDS strategies are being optimized for the GI tract's complex physiological conditions.
  • Preclinical data supports the efficacy of specific DDSs for IBD management.

Conclusions:

  • Advanced DDSs are crucial for overcoming limitations of conventional drug formulations.
  • Tailored DDS designs are essential for effective drug delivery within the GI tract.
  • Further research and preclinical validation are vital for translating these DDS technologies into clinical practice, particularly for IBD treatment.