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Recent Guidelines on Anal Cancer Screening: A Systematic Review
Andreia Albuquerque, Filipa Fontes1
1Precancerous Lesions and Early Cancer Management Research Group RISE@CI-IPO (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO-Porto), Porto, Portugal.
Recent guidelines offer anal cancer screening strategies for high-risk groups, including those with HIV. Recommendations cover screening methods like anal cytology and HPV testing, treatment of high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL), and prevention through HPV vaccination.
Area of Science:
- Oncology
- Public Health
- Gastroenterology
Background:
- Recent studies highlight anal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) risk stratification and precancerous lesion treatment benefits.
- New anal cancer screening recommendations have emerged from various societies following the ANCHOR trial.
Approach:
- Systematic review of society recommendations for anal cancer screening published after July 2022.
- Analysis of included publications to identify common themes and variations in screening guidelines.
Key Points:
- Guidelines target individuals with HIV and other high-risk groups (e.g., women with vulvar cancer/HSIL, female transplant recipients).
- Recommended screening involves anal cytology, often with human papillomavirus (HPV) testing; high-resolution anoscopy is advised for follow-up.
- Treatment of anal HSIL is universally recommended, with some guidelines including smoking cessation and HPV vaccination.
Conclusions:
- Multiple societies now provide comprehensive anal cancer screening recommendations.
- These guidelines address target populations, screening modalities, treatment protocols, follow-up procedures, and preventive measures for anal SCC.
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