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Related Concept Videos

Arteries of Lower Limbs01:20

Arteries of Lower Limbs

The external iliac artery transitions out of the body cavity, entering the femoral region of the lower leg, and is renamed the femoral artery at the point where it traverses the body wall. This artery is responsible for the distribution of blood to the thigh's deep muscles and the skin's ventral and lateral regions, achieved through several minor branches and the lateral deep femoral artery, which also spawns a lateral circumflex artery. The knee area receives blood from the genicular artery,...
Veins of Upper Limbs01:17

Veins of Upper Limbs

The human circulatory system, a marvel of biological engineering, is a complex network of vessels that transport blood throughout the body. Among these, the veins responsible for carrying blood from the upper limbs are divided into two categories: deep and superficial.
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Veins of Lower Limbs01:15

Veins of Lower Limbs

The human body consists of an intricate network of veins responsible for the crucial task of blood drainage from the lower limbs. These veins can be categorized into two main types: deep veins and superficial veins.
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Peripheral Arterial Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Evaluation01:21

Peripheral Arterial Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Evaluation

Clinical manifestationsPeripheral Arterial Disease (PAD) manifests through a range of symptoms, from the characteristic intermittent claudication to atypical presentations and severe complications in advanced stages. Intermittent claudication, a hallmark symptom of PAD, presents as exercise-induced muscle pain that typically resolves within minutes of rest. This pain is reproducible and stems from inadequate blood flow, leading to the accumulation of lactic acid produced during anaerobic...
Venous Thrombosis III: Interprofessional Care01:29

Venous Thrombosis III: Interprofessional Care

Venous thrombosis requires effective prevention and treatment strategies to improve patient outcomes and reduce potential complications.Prevention StrategiesHealthcare providers must prioritize preventing venous thromboembolism (VTE) for all adult patients upon admission. Interventions depend on bleeding and thrombosis risk, medical history, current medications, diagnoses, planned procedures, and patient preferences. Patients on bed rest should change positions every two hours and, if not...
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Hemodialysis (HD) is a medical treatment that artificially removes waste products, excess fluids, and toxins from the blood when the kidneys are no longer able to perform these functions effectively. In this process, blood is filtered through a semipermeable membrane, allowing for the selective removal of waste while preserving necessary components like blood cells and proteins. Hemodialysis is typically performed in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) or severe kidney...

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A new era in carotid prevention - critical appraisal of the CREST-2 results.

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Drug coated balloon angioplasty for femoropopliteal lesions: "keep it safe and effective".

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State-of-the-Art Definitive Femoropopliteal Lesion Treatment: A Case-Based Systematic Approach.

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Low-dose versus high-dose drug-coated balloons for femoropopliteal lesions: 5-year results from the prospective, randomised COMPARE trial.

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Retrograde direct stent puncture for femoropopliteal lesion crossing is safe and effective - results from a multicenter German registry.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 12, 2026

Synergizing Antegrade Endoscopic with Bridging Vein Harvesting for Improvement of Great Saphenous Vein Graft Quality from the Lower Leg
00:09

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[AVK III: Below the knee].

Erwin Blessing1

  • 1Klinik für Gefäßmedizin, Universitäres Herz- und Gefäßzentrum, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Deutschland. e.blessing@uke.de.

Innere Medizin (Heidelberg, Germany)
|February 28, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Drug-coated balloons and stents significantly reduce restenosis and revascularization rates in femoropopliteal endovascular therapy. This review details below-the-knee balloon and stent systems for improved lesion preparation.

Keywords:
Bioresorbable vascular scaffoldsDrug-eluting balloonsInterventions below-the-kneeScoring balloons“No option” patients

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Area of Science:

  • Vascular Surgery
  • Interventional Cardiology
  • Endovascular Therapy

Context:

  • Recent advancements in endovascular therapy focus on the femoropopliteal segment.
  • Lesion preparation is crucial for reducing restenosis and revascularization rates.
  • Drug-coated balloons and stents offer advantages over percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (POBA).

Purpose:

  • To present and describe various balloon and stent systems for endovascular therapy below the knee.
  • To highlight the importance of lesion preparation in femoropopliteal interventions.
  • To review the efficacy of drug-coated devices in reducing restenosis.

Summary:

  • Endovascular therapy for the femoropopliteal artery has seen significant progress.
  • Paclitaxel-based drug-coated balloons and stents improve outcomes compared to POBA.
  • Effective lesion preparation is key to successful revascularization below the knee.

Impact:

  • Improved patient outcomes through reduced restenosis and revascularization rates.
  • Enhanced understanding of available endovascular devices for below-the-knee interventions.
  • Guidance for clinicians on selecting appropriate balloon and stent systems for complex lesions.