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π Molecular Orbitals of 1,3-Butadiene01:24

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Conjugated dienes have lower heats of hydrogenation than cumulated and isolated dienes, making them more stable. The enhanced stabilization of conjugated systems can be understood from their π molecular orbitals.
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    Area of Science:

    • Laser Physics
    • Photonics
    • Materials Science

    Background:

    • Orbital Angular Momentum (OAM) lasers offer unique structured light properties.
    • Direct power scaling of OAM lasers remains a significant challenge.
    • Ho:YAG single-crystal fibers (SCF) possess advantageous thermal and optical properties for high-power applications.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To demonstrate direct power scaling of an at-source scalar orbital angular momentum (OAM) laser.
    • To investigate the potential of Ho:YAG SCF for generating high-power OAM beams.
    • To achieve record power levels for OAM lasers in the 2 µm spectral range.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized a Ho:YAG single-crystal fiber (SCF) laser architecture.
    • Leveraged the long gain region and high surface-to-volume ratio of the SCF.
    • Employed direct power scaling techniques for OAM beam generation.

    Main Results:

    • Achieved a 100 W optical vortex laser with OAM = ℏ.
    • Obtained a high slope efficiency of 66.0% at 2.1 µm.
    • Demonstrated the highest power for an at-source OAM laser in the 2 µm range to date.

    Conclusions:

    • Direct power scaling of OAM lasers is feasible using Ho:YAG SCF.
    • Ho:YAG SCF enables efficient generation of high-power structured light.
    • This work establishes a new method for producing high-power, high-efficiency OAM laser beams.