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Related Concept Videos

Ion Exchange01:17

Ion Exchange

520
Ion exchange chromatography separates charged molecules from a solution by reversibly exchanging them with mobile, or 'active', ions associated with the oppositely charged stationary phase. This method can be used to separate ions, soften and deionize water, and purify solutions. The polymers comprising the ion-exchange column are high-molecular-weight and chemically stable polymers, crosslinked to be porous and essentially insoluble. They are also functionalized with either acidic or...
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Extraction: Advanced Methods00:56

Extraction: Advanced Methods

398
Metal ions can be separated from one another by complexation with organic ligands–the chelating agent– to form uncharged chelates. Here, the chelating agent must contain hydrophobic groups and behave as a weak acid, losing a proton to bind with the metal. Since most organic ligands used in this process are insoluble or undergo oxidation in the aqueous phase, the chelating agent is initially added to the organic phase and extracted into the aqueous phase. The metal-ligand complex is...
398
Ion-Exchange Chromatography01:09

Ion-Exchange Chromatography

294
Ion-exchange chromatography, or IEC, is a technique for separating ions based on their affinity for the stationary phase. The stationary phase is a cross-linked polymer resin with covalently attached ionic functional groups. The functional groups can be either positively charged (cation exchangers) or negatively charged (anion exchangers). A cation exchanger consists of a polymeric anion and active cations, while an anion exchanger is a polymeric cation with active anions. The choice of...
294
Potentiometry: Membrane Electrodes01:15

Potentiometry: Membrane Electrodes

398
Membrane electrodes, also known as p-ion electrodes, use membranes that selectively interact with free analyte ions, generating a potential difference across the membrane. The resulting membrane potential, known as the asymmetry potential, is not zero even when analyte concentrations on both sides of the membrane are equal. The membrane's response is typically not selective to a single analyte but proportional to the concentration of all ions in the sample solution capable of interacting at...
398
Dialysis01:15

Dialysis

565
Dialysis is a diffusion-based purification process that separates analyte molecules from a complex matrix. This is accomplished by allowing molecules in the solution to pass through a semipermeable membrane into a liquid on the other side. The membrane is usually made of cellulose acetate or cellulose nitrate, and the second liquid must be miscible with the solution. Ions (e.g., chloride or sodium) or organic molecules (e.g., glucose) can pass through the membrane pores, which generally have...
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Formation of Complex Ions03:45

Formation of Complex Ions

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A type of Lewis acid-base chemistry involves the formation of a complex ion (or a coordination complex) comprising a central atom, typically a transition metal cation, surrounded by ions or molecules called ligands. These ligands can be neutral molecules like H2O or NH3, or ions such as CN− or OH−. Often, the ligands act as Lewis bases, donating a pair of electrons to the central atom. These types of Lewis acid-base reactions are examples of a broad subdiscipline called coordination...
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Functional Characterization of Na+/H+ Exchangers of Intracellular Compartments Using Proton-killing Selection to Express Them at the Plasma Membrane
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Approaching infinite selectivity in membrane-based aqueous lithium extraction via solid-state ion transport.

Sohum K Patel1, Arpita Iddya1, Weiyi Pan1

  • 1Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520-8286, USA.

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Solid-state electrolytes (SSEs) show promise for lithium extraction from water. These materials offer unique ion transport properties, achieving exceptional lithium selectivity for resource recovery.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Chemical Engineering
  • Environmental Science

Background:

  • Growing lithium demand necessitates efficient extraction technologies.
  • Unconventional water sources are potential lithium reservoirs.
  • Current methods face challenges in selectivity and efficiency.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate solid-state electrolytes (SSEs) as membranes for aqueous lithium extraction.
  • Understand the fundamental ion transport mechanisms in SSE membranes.
  • Evaluate the selectivity and performance of SSE membranes for lithium recovery.

Main Methods:

  • Applied solid-state electrolytes (SSEs) as membrane materials.
  • Studied anhydrous lithium ion hopping through the SSE lattice.
  • Compared SSE transport properties with conventional nanoporous membranes.

Main Results:

  • SSEs exhibit unique ion transport distinct from conventional membranes.
  • Achieved immeasurable lithium ion selectivity, surpassing part-per-billion detection limits.
  • Demonstrated size and charge exclusion mechanisms governing solid-state ion transport.

Conclusions:

  • Solid-state electrolytes offer a novel approach for highly selective lithium extraction.
  • SSE membranes show potential for next-generation resource recovery technologies.
  • The unique transport properties of SSEs can be leveraged for efficient lithium recovery.