Association between contextual factors and vulvovaginal symptoms in Brazilian women: A cross-sectional study

The International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health widens the understanding of the individual by considering contextual factors for health. Regarding the health of women, vulvovaginal symptoms (e.g., itching, burning, pain, irritation, dryness, and vaginal odor) need consideration.

To verify the prevalence of vulvovaginal symptoms, their association with contextual factors, and evaluate their impact on the emotional well-being, quality of life, and sexual function of Brazilian women.

This cross-sectional study was conducted from October 2021 to August 2022 using Brazilian women aged 18 or older. Health and sociodemographic data were collected, and the women were divided into two groups according to the Vulvovaginal Symptoms Questionnaire: with and without vulvovaginal symptoms. The association between contextual factors and vulvovaginal symptoms was verified using logistic regression.

The study included 313 women (34 ± 11.5 years), physically active (71%), non-smokers (9%), and employed (72%). Of those, 227 (72.5%) presented vulvovaginal symptoms. Low educational level and no pregnancy were associated with vulvovaginal symptoms. The most prevalent symptoms were vaginal discharge (63.4%) and itching (54.6%).

The results indicated that vulvovaginal symptoms are prevalent in Brazilian women. Thus, developing effective care and disseminating knowledge about vulvovaginal symptoms, causes, and treatment, are important to improve health care in Brazilian women.