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Updated: Jun 21, 2026

Microfluidic Picoliter Bioreactor for Microbial Single-cell Analysis: Fabrication, System Setup, and Operation
Published on: December 6, 2013
Recent advances on engineering Escherichia coli and Corynebacterium glutamicum for efficient production of
Guihong Zhao1, Dezhi Zhang1, Yaqun Tang1
1State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China; Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.
Abstract:
L-threonine, one of the three major amino acids, plays a vital role in various industries such as food, feed, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics. Currently, the fermentation-based production of L-threonine has evolved into an efficient, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly industrial process. Escherichia coli and Corynebacterium glutamicum, as the industrial workhorses of amino acids production, have long been widely studied due to their well-established genetic backgrounds and powerful molecular tools. This review focuses on recent advances in the microbial production of L-threonine by metabolic engineering. From three key modules, including L-threonine synthesis module, central metabolism module and global regulation module, we provide a comprehensive analysis on the entire metabolic pathway of L-threonine and the global regulation of the production process. Furthermore, we systematically summarize biotransformation methods for producing high-value derivatives of L-threonine, thereby broadening the application scope and market potential of L-threonine. Overall, this review shows many effective strategies for the biosynthesis of L-threonine, and offers guidance for the microbial production of L-aspartate family amino acids and their derivatives.
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