Dermatological Adverse Effects of Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt: A Systematic Review

Ventriculoperitoneal (VPS) implantation provides immediate improvement in hydrocephalus management but is associated with complications such as infection, malfunction, and dermatological issues. We conducted a systematic review of studies examining adverse skin reactions related to VPS placement in patients of all ages. Databases searched included PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Web of Science from inception to April 2023 using Medical Subject Headings such as "ventriculoperitoneal shunt" and "skin diseases." Twenty-nine articles, including 35 cases, were included. Common skin-related complications were infections, allergic reactions, skin breakdown, and metastases, sometimes occurring decades after the initial shunt placement. Factors contributing to these complications ranged from underlying malignancies to device failure, while the severity varied from mild irritation to life-threatening infections. Prompt identification and interdisciplinary collaboration among healthcare professionals can help mitigate these adverse outcomes. Recognizing potential dermatological manifestations of VPSs is critical for early intervention and improved patient care.