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In a nonhomogeneous rod made up of steel and brass, restrained at both ends and subjected to a temperature change, several steps are involved in calculating the stress and compressive load. Due to the problem's static indeterminacy, one end support is disconnected, allowing the rod to experience the temperature change freely. Next, an unknown force is applied at the free end, triggering deformations in the rod's steel and brass portions. These deformations are then calculated and added...
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Deformation and Collectivity in Doubly Magic ^{208}Pb.

J Henderson1, J Heery1, M Rocchini2,3

  • 1University of Surrey, School of Mathematics and Physics, Guildford GU2 7XH, United Kingdom.

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|February 28, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Lead-208 (Pb-208), a doubly magic nucleus, shows unexpected prolate deformation. Experiments reveal a large, negative spectroscopic quadrupole moment, challenging current nuclear structure theories.

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Area of Science:

  • Nuclear Physics
  • Atomic Physics

Background:

  • Lead-208 (Pb-208) is the heaviest known doubly magic nucleus.
  • Despite its magicity, Pb-208 exhibits strong octupole correlations and quadrupole collectivity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the nuclear structure of Lead-208.
  • To precisely measure the spectroscopic quadrupole moments of specific excited states.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized four Coulomb-excitation measurements.
  • Employed state-of-the-art experimental equipment.

Main Results:

  • Conclusively demonstrated a large, negative spectroscopic quadrupole moment for the 3- (octupole) and 2+ (quadrupole) states.
  • Indicated a preference for prolate deformation in these states.
  • Observed quadrupole moment is discussed in relation to two-phonon states and coupled motion.

Conclusions:

  • Current theoretical models fail to reproduce the sign and magnitude of the observed deformation in Pb-208.
  • Lead-208 continues to present a puzzle for nuclear structure understanding.