Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Dynamic Equilibrium02:20

Dynamic Equilibrium

49.9K
A reversible chemical reaction represents a chemical process that proceeds in both forward (left to right) and reverse (right to left) directions. When the rates of the forward and reverse reactions are equal, the concentrations of the reactant and product species remain constant over time and the system is at equilibrium. A special double arrow is used to emphasize the reversible nature of the reaction. The relative concentrations of reactants and products in equilibrium systems vary greatly;...
49.9K
Standard Entropy Change for a Reaction03:00

Standard Entropy Change for a Reaction

19.6K
Entropy is a state function, so the standard entropy change for a chemical reaction (ΔS°rxn) can be calculated from the difference in standard entropy between the products and the reactants.
19.6K
Cooperative Allosteric Transitions01:58

Cooperative Allosteric Transitions

7.8K
Cooperative allosteric transitions can occur in multimeric proteins, where each subunit of the protein has its own ligand-binding site. When a ligand binds to any of these subunits, it triggers a conformational change that affects the binding sites in the other subunits; this can change the affinity of the other sites for their respective ligands. The ability of the protein to change the shape of its binding site is attributed to the presence of a mix of flexible and stable segments in the...
7.8K
Overview of Transposition and Recombination02:13

Overview of Transposition and Recombination

15.2K
Transposons make up a significant part of genomes of various organisms. Therefore, it is believed that transposition played a major evolutionary role in speciation by changing genome sizes and modifying gene expression patterns. For example, in bacteria, transposition can lead to conferring antibiotic resistance. Movement of transposable elements within the genetic pool of pathogenic bacteria can aid in transfer of antibiotic-resistant genetic elements. In eukaryotes, transposons can carry out...
15.2K
Genome Copying Errors02:46

Genome Copying Errors

4.1K
DNA replication is a well-evolved process that copies millions of base pairs with high fidelity during each cell division. Occasionally a wrong base or a long stretch of wrong bases may get added to the daughter strands. If the errors are left unchecked, cells might accumulate several mutations that might endanger their  survival. Therefore, the copying errors are checked and repaired at three levels.
4.1K
Non-equilibrium in the Cell01:16

Non-equilibrium in the Cell

4.1K
An important concept in studying metabolism and energy is that of chemical equilibrium. Most chemical reactions are reversible. They can proceed in both directions, releasing energy into their environment in one direction, and absorbing it from the environment in the other direction. The same is true for the chemical reactions involved in cell metabolism, such as the breaking down and building up of proteins into and from individual amino acids, respectively. Reactants within a closed system...
4.1K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Fluid Flow and Spatiotemporal Chaos in Chemically Active Emulsions.

Physical review letters·2026
Same author

Topological skeleton analysis for network-based shape representation in biology and beyond.

iScience·2026
Same author

Advancing mechanobiology from single molecules to complex cellular systems.

Nature nanotechnology·2026
Same author

Event-based spatiotemporal networks for modelling emergent phenomena in complex systems.

Nature communications·2026
Same author

Kinetic theory of emulsions with matter supply.

Physical review. E·2026
Same author

Injury-induced electrochemical coupling triggers organ growth.

Science advances·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 2, 2026

Structural Design and Manufacturing of a Cruiser Class Solar Vehicle
14:57

Structural Design and Manufacturing of a Cruiser Class Solar Vehicle

Published on: January 30, 2019

14.7K

Nonequilibrium Transitions in a Template Copying Ensemble.

Arthur Genthon1, Carl D Modes2,3,4, Frank Jülicher1,3,4

  • 1Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, 01187 Dresden, Germany.

Physical Review Letters
|February 28, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Replication in living systems creates copies with errors. This study introduces a thermodynamic model revealing sharp transitions between random and accurate copies, requiring energy dependent on sequence entropy.

More Related Videos

Operation of the Collaborative Composite Manufacturing CCM System
10:09

Operation of the Collaborative Composite Manufacturing CCM System

Published on: October 1, 2019

6.2K
A Tool to Automatically Create Stable and Reproducible Cell-free Gaps for Improving the Reliability of Cell Wound Healing Assay
06:13

A Tool to Automatically Create Stable and Reproducible Cell-free Gaps for Improving the Reliability of Cell Wound Healing Assay

Published on: October 4, 2024

1.2K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 2, 2026

Structural Design and Manufacturing of a Cruiser Class Solar Vehicle
14:57

Structural Design and Manufacturing of a Cruiser Class Solar Vehicle

Published on: January 30, 2019

14.7K
Operation of the Collaborative Composite Manufacturing CCM System
10:09

Operation of the Collaborative Composite Manufacturing CCM System

Published on: October 1, 2019

6.2K
A Tool to Automatically Create Stable and Reproducible Cell-free Gaps for Improving the Reliability of Cell Wound Healing Assay
06:13

A Tool to Automatically Create Stable and Reproducible Cell-free Gaps for Improving the Reliability of Cell Wound Healing Assay

Published on: October 4, 2024

1.2K

Area of Science:

  • Thermodynamics
  • Statistical Mechanics
  • Origin of Life Studies

Background:

  • Replication processes in biological and chemical systems generate imperfect copies.
  • Understanding the factors governing copying accuracy is crucial for studying life's origins and evolution.
  • Existing models often lack thermodynamic consistency or detailed population dynamics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a thermodynamically consistent theoretical framework for analyzing template copying systems.
  • To investigate universal population features and phase transitions in copying accuracy.
  • To establish a phase diagram for copolymer copying accuracy.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a thermodynamically consistent ensemble for template copying.
  • Coarse-graining molecular details in the context of copolymer replication.
  • Analysis of non-equilibrium phase transitions in population distributions.

Main Results:

  • A phase diagram for copolymer copying accuracy was established.
  • Sharp, non-equilibrium phase transitions between random and accurate copy populations were identified.
  • A minimum energy expenditure, dependent on configurational entropy, is required to maintain accurate copies.

Conclusions:

  • The study provides a robust theoretical framework for understanding copying accuracy in template-based replication.
  • Non-equilibrium thermodynamics governs the transitions between different copying regimes.
  • Maintaining high fidelity replication necessitates a specific energy input tied to the system's sequence complexity.