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Atopic disease and astigmatism: a population-based study.

Margarita Safir1,2, Itay Nitzan3,4, Yair Hanina3

  • 1Ophthalmology Department, Rabin Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel. sapir.margarita@gmail.com.

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Summary

Ocular atopic disease (OAD) is associated with a higher risk of astigmatism in adolescents. Effective OAD management is crucial for eye health in young individuals.

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Allergy and Immunology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Atopic diseases are common conditions affecting a significant portion of the adolescent population.
  • Astigmatism is a prevalent refractive error that can impact visual acuity.
  • The potential link between atopic conditions and the development or progression of astigmatism requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between various atopic diseases and the prevalence of astigmatism.
  • To specifically examine the relationship between ocular atopic disease (OAD) and astigmatism in adolescents and young adults.
  • To determine if the severity of OAD correlates with the degree of astigmatism.

Main Methods:

  • A population-based cross-sectional study analyzing 897,811 medical records of Israeli adolescents and young adults without keratoconus.
  • Prevalence of low-to-moderate and high astigmatism was calculated in individuals with and without atopic diseases.
  • Multinomial logistic regression was used to analyze relationships, adjusting for sociodemographic factors.

Main Results:

  • Adolescents with OAD showed increased odds of low-to-moderate (OR 1.16) and high astigmatism (OR 2.10).
  • OAD was also associated with increased odds of with-the-rule astigmatism (OR 1.34).
  • Other atopic diseases showed more modest associations with astigmatism, while sensitivity analysis indicated a dose-response relationship between OAD severity and astigmatism.

Conclusions:

  • A significant association exists between ocular atopic disease (OAD) and astigmatism in adolescents and young adults.
  • Effective management of OAD is important for potentially mitigating astigmatism risks.
  • Further research is warranted to explore therapeutic interventions addressing both OAD and astigmatism concurrently.