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Updated: Jun 18, 2026
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Published on: February 8, 2018
Different Immunohistochemical Expression of CTLA-4 in Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma and Its Associated Prognostic
Liyona Rifani1, Maria Francisca Ham1,2, Dina Khoirunnisa3
1Department of Anatomical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia/Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta 14320, Indonesia.
Background:
Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is classified into germinal center B-cell-like (GCB) and non-GCB subtypes. This study aimed to evaluate the immunohistochemical expression of CTLA-4 in these subtypes and its association with prognostic factors.
Methods:
This retrospective study analyzed 50 cases of DLBCL. Clinical and histopathological data were collected, and CTLA-4 expression was assessed using immunohistochemistry. Statistical significance was determined using an unpaired t-test.
Result:
The average CTLA-4 expression in DLBCL was 50.46 cells per high-power field. Higher CTLA-4 expression was observed in the non-GCB subtype, patients younger than 60 years, females, those with stage III-IV disease, involvement of more than one extranodal site, and a low International Prognostic Index (IPI) score (0-2). A significant association was found between CTLA-4 expression and age (p = 0.045, 95% CI: 44.67-75.86).
Conclusion:
CTLA-4 expression was present in the tumor microenvironment of DLBCL. Higher expression was significantly associated with patients younger than 60 years.
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