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Gestational PBDE concentrations and executive function in adolescents with self- and caregiver-report: The HOME study
Kim M Cecil1, Yingying Xu2, Aimin Chen3
1Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA; Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
Background:
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), synthetic chemicals previously used as flame retardants in commercial products, impact human behaviors, mood symptoms and cognitive abilities.
Objective:
We estimated the association of gestational PBDE serum concentrations with early adolescent self- and caregiver-reported ratings of executive function in a prospective pregnancy and birth cohort.
Methods:
We measured gestational serum concentrations of five PBDE congeners and created a summary exposure variable (∑5BDE: 28, -47, -99, -100 and -153). At age 12 years, we assessed executive function for 237 adolescents using self- and caregiver-reports with the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Functioning (BRIEF-2). We used multivariable linear regression models to estimate covariate-adjusted associations of lipid standardized, log10-transformed gestational PBDE concentrations with BRIEF-2 T-scores. We evaluated potential effect measure modification (EMM) of sex by examining sex-stratified regression models.
Results:
As higher scores indicate greater deficits in executive function, gestational PBDE concentrations were positively associated with adolescent-reported BRIEF-2 T-scores for Global Executive Composite (BDE-28: β = 6.31 (95%CI: 2.59, 10.03), BDE-47: (β = 3.32 (95%CI: 0.1, 6.54), ∑5BDE: (β = 3.70 (95%CI: 0.37, 7.03), Behavior Regulation Index (BDE-28: β = 5.36 (95%CI: 1.56, 9.15), BDE-99: β = 3.53 (95%CI: 0.33, 6.74), ∑5BDE: β = 3.93 (95%CI: 0.57, 7.3), Emotion Regulation Index (BDE-28: β = 4.76 (95%CI: 0.88, 8.64) and the Cognitive Regulation Index (BDE-28: β = 6.69 (95%CI: 3.08, 10.31), BDE-47: β = 3.45 (95%CI: 0.3, 6.59), ∑5BDE: β = 3.57 (95%CI: 0.32, 6.82) and several other scales. We observed stronger associations with gestational PBDE concentrations for all congeners among males, especially for the caregiver-rated scales (all EMM p-values <0.1).
Discussion:
This study provides evidence that gestational PBDE serum concentrations may adversely influence offspring executive function during adolescence.
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