Land subsidence in coastal reclamation with impact on metro operation under rapid urbanization: A case study of

Xinxin Yang1, Huaina Wu1, Suhua Zhou2

  • 1College of Civil Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China; Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Advanced Technology and Intelligent Equipment for Underground Space Development, Changsha 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Building Safety and Energy Efficiency of the Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, China.

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Drying Shrinkage01:21

Drying Shrinkage

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Carbonation Shrinkage01:24

Carbonation Shrinkage

Atmospheric CO2 penetrates the concrete's pores and, in the presence of moisture, forms carbonic acid, which then reacts with calcium hydroxide in the hydrated cement, forming calcium carbonate. This process reduces the concrete's volume and is termed carbonation shrinkage.
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Effect of Sea Water on Concrete01:22

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