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Updated: May 24, 2025

Using a Virtual Reality Walking Simulator to Investigate Pedestrian Behavior
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Constraints matter: Virtual pedestrians with mobility constraints affect individuals' avoidance behaviours.

Mohammadamin Nikmanesh1, Michael E Cinelli2, Daniel S Marigold1

  • 1Department of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada; Institute for Neuroscience and Neurotechnology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada.

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Summary

People adjust personal space when walking in crowds. Navigating urban environments, especially with mobility constraints like strollers, influences how pedestrians avoid collisions.

Keywords:
Collision avoidanceLocomotionMobility constraintsVirtual reality

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Area of Science:

  • Human-computer interaction
  • Robotics
  • Urban planning

Background:

  • Navigating crowded urban environments necessitates maintaining personal space.
  • Previous research indicated object interaction affects pedestrian spacing, but lacked specificity regarding constraint types.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how different mobility constraints (stroller, bike, shopping bag) and pedestrian distraction influence avoidance behaviors during sidewalk navigation.
  • To test if the type of object interaction affects path deviation and personal space adjustments.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized an immersive virtual reality environment simulating an urban path.
  • Participants walked and avoided virtual pedestrians exhibiting various mobility constraints and distraction levels.

Main Results:

  • Pedestrian distraction did not significantly alter avoidance behaviors.
  • A significant increase in medial-lateral separation was observed when encountering virtual pedestrians with strollers compared to other constraints.
  • The type of mobility constraint differentially impacted the timing and progression of path deviations.

Conclusions:

  • The characteristics of an obstacle, specifically mobility constraints, significantly influence collision avoidance strategies in pedestrian navigation.
  • Strollers, in particular, elicit greater medial-lateral separation, suggesting a heightened awareness of avoidance needs.