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Related Concept Videos

2° Amines to N-Nitrosamines: Reaction with NaNO201:20

2° Amines to N-Nitrosamines: Reaction with NaNO2

4.0K
Secondary amines react with nitrous acid to form N-nitrosamines, as depicted in Figure 1. Nitrous acid, a weak and unstable acid, is formed in situ from an aqueous solution of sodium nitrite and strong acids, such as hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid, in cold conditions. In the presence of an acid, the nitrous acid gets protonated. The subsequent loss of water results in the formation of the electrophile known as nitrosonium ion.
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Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution: Nitration of Benzene01:20

Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution: Nitration of Benzene

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The nitration of benzene is an example of an electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction. It involves the formation of a very powerful electrophile, the nitronium ion, which is linear in shape. The reaction occurs through the interaction of two strong acids, sulfuric and nitric acid.
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Preparation of Amines: Reduction of Oximes and Nitro Compounds01:29

Preparation of Amines: Reduction of Oximes and Nitro Compounds

3.3K
Oximes can be reduced to primary amines using catalytic hydrogenation, hydride reduction, or sodium metal reduction. The reduction of aliphatic and aromatic nitro compounds to primary amines takes place by either catalytic hydrogenation or by using active metals like Fe, Zn, and Sn in the presence of an acid.
Though catalytic hydrogenation can reduce nitrobenzenes, the reduction is nonselective in the presence of other functional groups. For instance, if nitrobenzene contains an aldehyde group,...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 24, 2025

Chemiluminescence-based Assays for Detection of Nitric Oxide and its Derivatives from Autoxidation and Nitrosated Compounds
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Chemiluminescence-based Assays for Detection of Nitric Oxide and its Derivatives from Autoxidation and Nitrosated Compounds

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Selenium nanoparticles as catalysts for nitric oxide generation.

Shu Geng1, Yingzhu Zhou1, Gervase Ng2

  • 1School of Chemical Engineering and Australian Centre for Nanomedicine (ACN), The University of New South Wales (UNSW Sydney), Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.

Colloids and Surfaces. B, Biointerfaces
|March 2, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) mimic enzymes to generate nitric oxide (NO) from prodrugs. These non-toxic SeNPs offer a promising strategy for therapeutic NO delivery, overcoming NO

Keywords:
Biofilm dispersalNitric oxideSelenium nanoparticles

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Nanotechnology
  • Medical Chemistry

Background:

  • Nitric oxide (NO) is a crucial signaling molecule with therapeutic potential.
  • Effective NO delivery is challenging due to its short half-life.
  • Glutathione peroxidase enzymes catalyze NO release from S-nitrosothiols.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) as enzyme mimics for NO generation.
  • To investigate SeNPs' NO-releasing capabilities and therapeutic potential.
  • To develop a non-toxic nanomaterial for sustained NO delivery.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis and stabilization of SeNPs with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) or chitosan (CTS).
  • Quantification of NO generation under varying concentrations of SeNPs, NO prodrugs, and glutathione (GSH).
  • Assessment of SeNP cytotoxicity and biofilm dispersal activity.

Main Results:

  • SeNPs demonstrated tunable, enzyme-mimicking NO generation in the presence of GSH.
  • 0.1 µg/mL SeNPs produced 7.5 µM NO under physiological conditions within 30 min.
  • PVA-stabilized SeNPs were non-toxic and effectively dispersed Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms.

Conclusions:

  • SeNPs offer a novel, non-toxic platform for catalytic NO generation.
  • This approach provides a promising alternative for therapeutic NO delivery.
  • Further research into nanoparticle crystallinity and NO prodrug interactions is warranted.