Exploring the potential of flow-electrode capacitive deionization for domestic and industrial wastewater treatment: a...

Flow-electrode capacitive deionization (FCDI) is an innovative approach for removing charged ions from untreated water, utilizing the interaction between ions and flow carbon electrodes. A review of recent publications on FCDI reveals a predominant focus on salt removal from water (desalination) and electro-sorption processes. Though desalination is just one step in improving the water quality, it is worthwhile looking at the research in the context of FCDI techniques that involve other water treatment methods. This paper offers a detailed review of recent literature on FCDI applications in wastewater treatment. Given the broad scope of wastewater treatment, the specific areas where FCDI shows promise, including removal of heavy metal and radioactive elements, organic micropollutant elimination, halogen removal, and resource recovery, are addressed. Additionally, we assess the current research landscape and propose potential future directions in this evolving field.