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Examining COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy in Nairobi, Kenya, Using the Modified 5 Cs Model
Christine Crudo Blackburn1, Leila H Abdullahi1, Tim Callaghan1
1Christine Crudo Blackburn, PhD, is an Assistant Professor, Department of Health Policy & Management and USA Center for Rural Public Health Preparedness; and Jessica Hernandez, MPH, was an MPH Student at time of research, Department of Health Behavior; both in the School of Public Health, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX. Leila H. Abdullahi, PhD, is a Senior Researcher and Policy Analyst, African Institute for Development Policy, Nairobi, Kenya. Tim Callaghan, PhD, is an Associate Professor, Department of Health Law, Policy & Management, School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, MA. Brian Colwell, PhD, is a Professor, and Tasmiah Nuzhath, DrPH, is an Assistant Professor; both in the Department of Global Health and Population, T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA.
Abstract:
In this study, we identify facilitators and barriers to COVID-19 vaccination in Nairobi, Kenya, using the modified 5 Cs model for vaccine hesitancy. We conducted 33 in-person interviews in Nairobi, Kenya. Participants were recruited using convenience sampling by a member of the research team who resides in Nairobi and speaks Swahili. Interviews were audio recorded and transcripts were analyzed using thematic analysis. The modified 5 Cs model for vaccine hesitancy was applied to create a codebook prior to analysis. Participants cited misinformation, lack of trust in the science behind the vaccine, and concerns about side effects as reasons for not receiving the COVID-19 vaccine. Facilitators for choosing to receive the vaccination included concerns about the severity of COVID-19, vaccination requirements for school and employment, and communication from the government. This study is the first to organize facilitators and barriers to COVID-19 vaccine uptake in Kenya using the 5 Cs model of vaccine hesitancy. Our findings suggest that to improve vaccine uptake in Kenya, interventions should inform the public about the vaccine's safety and reduce misinformation.
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