Related Experiment Video
Updated: May 24, 2025
09:45
A Protocol for Safe Lithiation Reactions Using Organolithium Reagents
Published on: November 12, 2016
30.8K
Controlled Anodic Decomposition Pathway of Supramolecular Lithium Borate for Rationally Tuned Interphase Chemistry
Haiyu Zhou1, Wenhui Hou1, Da Zhu2
1The State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P.R. China.
Angewandte Chemie (International Ed. in English)
|March 3, 2025
Summary
Researchers designed novel lithium borate salts to create stable cathode-electrolyte interphases (CEIs) for high-energy lithium metal batteries. This breakthrough enhances battery performance by controlling interfacial chemistry and forming protective CEI layers.
Area of Science:
- Materials Science
- Electrochemistry
- Supramolecular Chemistry
Background:
- Advancing high-energy, layered nickel-rich oxide-based lithium metal batteries requires stable cathode-electrolyte interphases (CEIs).
- Developing electrolyte additives for controlled interfacial chemistry is a significant challenge in battery research.
Purpose of the Study:
- To design and synthesize novel supramolecular boron-based lithium salts for tailored CEI formation.
- To investigate the mechanism of CEI formation and its impact on battery performance.
Main Methods:
- Synthesis of two lithium borates: C-LiMCFB and L-LiMCFB, featuring cyclic (15C5) and linear (PEGME) host groups.
- Analysis of CEI formation on NCM811 cathodes using controlled interfacial chemistry.
- Evaluation of the mechanical properties and protective capabilities of the novel CEI layer.
Main Results:
- Designed C-LiMCFB and L-LiMCFB salts with controlled B-O and C-O bond cleavage pathways.
- Formation of a uniform CEI layer comprising lithium boron-oxygen clusters and LiF on NCM811 surfaces.
- The novel CEI exhibited excellent mechanical robustness, adhesiveness, and toughness, protecting the cathode.
Conclusions:
- Supramolecular chemistry can be effectively utilized for rational electrolyte tuning in lithium metal batteries.
- The developed boron-based salts and resulting CEI offer a promising strategy for enhancing the performance and stability of high-energy batteries.
- This study provides crucial insights into the CEI formation mechanism, paving the way for future battery advancements.
Related Concept Videos
03:08Hydroboration-Oxidation of Alkenes
7.8K
In addition to the oxymercuration–demercuration method, which converts the alkenes to alcohols with Markovnikov orientation, a complementary hydroboration-oxidation method yields the anti-Markovnikov product. The hydroboration reaction, discovered in 1959 by H.C. Brown, involves the addition of a B–H bond of borane to an alkene giving an organoborane intermediate. The oxidation of this intermediate with basic hydrogen peroxide forms an alcohol.
7.8K
02:23Alcohols from Carbonyl Compounds: Reduction
10.2K
Reduction is a simple strategy to convert a carbonyl group to a hydroxyl group. The three major pathways to reduce carbonyls to alcohols are catalytic hydrogenation, hydride reduction, and borane reduction.
Catalytic hydrogenation is similar to the reduction of an alkene or alkyne by adding H2 across the pi bond in the presence of transition metal catalysts like Raney Ni, Pd–C, Pt, or Ru. Aldehydes and ketones can be reduced by this method, often under mild to moderate heat (25–100°C) and...
Catalytic hydrogenation is similar to the reduction of an alkene or alkyne by adding H2 across the pi bond in the presence of transition metal catalysts like Raney Ni, Pd–C, Pt, or Ru. Aldehydes and ketones can be reduced by this method, often under mild to moderate heat (25–100°C) and...
10.2K
01:19Acid Halides to Alcohols: LiAlH4 Reduction
2.7K
Acid halides are reduced to alcohols in the presence of a strong reducing agent like lithium aluminum hydride.
The mechanism proceeds in three steps. First, the nucleophilic hydride ion attacks the carbonyl carbon of the acid halide to form a tetrahedral intermediate. Next, the carbonyl group is re-formed, and the halide ion departs as a leaving group, generating an aldehyde. A second nucleophilic attack by the hydride yields an alkoxide ion, which, upon protonation, gives a primary alcohol as...
The mechanism proceeds in three steps. First, the nucleophilic hydride ion attacks the carbonyl carbon of the acid halide to form a tetrahedral intermediate. Next, the carbonyl group is re-formed, and the halide ion departs as a leaving group, generating an aldehyde. A second nucleophilic attack by the hydride yields an alkoxide ion, which, upon protonation, gives a primary alcohol as...
2.7K
02:36Regioselectivity and Stereochemistry of Hydroboration
8.0K
A significant aspect of hydroboration–oxidation is the regio- and stereochemical outcome of the reaction.
Hydroboration proceeds in a concerted fashion with the attack of borane on the π bond, giving a cyclic four-centered transition state. The –BH2 group is bonded to the less substituted carbon and –H to the more substituted carbon. The concerted nature requires the simultaneous addition of –H and –BH2 across the same face of the alkene giving syn...
Hydroboration proceeds in a concerted fashion with the attack of borane on the π bond, giving a cyclic four-centered transition state. The –BH2 group is bonded to the less substituted carbon and –H to the more substituted carbon. The concerted nature requires the simultaneous addition of –H and –BH2 across the same face of the alkene giving syn...
8.0K
00:56Crossed Aldol Reaction Using Strong Bases: Directed Aldol Reaction
2.1K
The reaction between two different carbonyl compounds comprising α hydrogen in the presence of a strong base like lithium diisopropylamide (LDA) to form a crossed aldol product is known as a directed aldol reaction. The directed aldol reaction is depicted in Figure 1.
2.1K
03:00Electrolysis
25.9K
In a galvanic cell, the electrical work is done by a redox system on its surroundings as electrons produced by the spontaneous redox reactions are transferred through an external circuit. Alternatively, an external circuit does work on a redox system by imposing a voltage sufficient to drive an otherwise nonspontaneous reaction in a process known as electrolysis. For instance, recharging a battery involves the use of an external power source to drive the spontaneous (discharge) cell reaction in...
25.9K