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In Vitro Growth of Mouse Preantral Follicles Under Simulated Microgravity
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Ginsenoside Reshapes Intestinal Microecology to Alleviate Microgravity Stress.

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  • 1Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, People's Republic of China.

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Summary

Ginseng total saponins (GTSs) mitigate spaceflight-induced gut injury by restoring intestinal homeostasis, immune function, and microbiota balance. This research supports GTSs development for astronaut health products.

Keywords:
gastrointestinal microbiomeginseng total saponinsimmunityshort-chain fatty acidsweightlessness simulation

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Area of Science:

  • Spaceflight and astronaut health
  • Gastroenterology and immunology
  • Microbiome research and metabolomics

Background:

  • Spaceflight microgravity disrupts astronaut intestinal homeostasis, increasing health risks.
  • Ginseng total saponins (GTSs), bioactive ginseng compounds, exhibit immune-modulating, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties.
  • This study investigates GTSs' potential to counteract microgravity-induced intestinal dysregulation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the protective effects of GTSs on intestinal injury caused by simulated microgravity.
  • To elucidate the mechanisms underlying GTSs' effects on intestinal homeostasis, immunity, and microbiota.
  • To provide a scientific basis for developing GTSs-based countermeasures for space travel.

Main Methods:

  • A hindlimb suspension (HLS) rat model simulated weightlessness.
  • RNA-sequencing (RNA-Seq) identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs).
  • RT-PCR, 16S rRNA gene sequencing, and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) analysis assessed molecular and microbial changes.

Main Results:

  • GTSs intervention ameliorated simulated weightlessness-induced intestinal injury, reducing pathology and inflammation while enhancing tight junction protein expression.
  • GTSs treatment restored intestinal immunity-related gene expression and remodeled gut microbiota composition.
  • GTSs significantly increased the abundance of SCFA-producing bacteria, elevating propionic and butyric acid levels.

Conclusions:

  • GTSs effectively improved microecological disorders and immune dysfunction induced by simulated weightlessness.
  • The therapeutic mechanism involves the "intestinal immune - microbiota - metabolic" pathway.
  • These findings support the development of GTSs for space health applications.