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Multidisciplinary Management of Foreign Body Aspiration in Pediatrics: A Case Complicated by Bilateral Pneumothorax

Huda Mohammad Zarie1, Hawazen Yousef Alani1, Ahmad A Bukhari1

  • 1Pediatric Critical Care, Ohud Hospital, Madinah, SAU.

Cureus
|March 3, 2025
PubMed

Insights

Foreign body aspiration (FBA) in young children can cause severe respiratory distress. This case highlights critical interventions and advanced support needed for life-threatening complications like bilateral pneumothorax.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Pulmonology
  • Emergency Medicine
  • Critical Care

Background:

  • Foreign body aspiration (FBA) is a common cause of pediatric respiratory emergencies, often presenting with vague symptoms.
  • Delayed diagnosis of FBA increases the risk of severe complications, including pneumothorax and respiratory failure.

Observation:

  • A 2-year-old child presented with FBA complicated by bilateral pneumothorax, severe respiratory acidosis, and left lung collapse.
  • Computed tomography (CT) confirmed a left main bronchus obstruction.

Findings:

  • High-frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFOV) and multidisciplinary care stabilized the patient.
  • Rigid bronchoscopy under high-risk conditions was required for definitive management.

Implications:

  • This case underscores the diagnostic challenges and critical need for advanced respiratory support in severe pediatric FBA.
  • Highlights the potential role of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) in managing critically ill pediatric patients with FBA complications.

Keywords:
bilateral pneumothoraxextracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ecmo)foreign body aspirationmultidisciplinary managementpediatric respiratory distress

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