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Relationship between elevated serum direct bilirubin and atrial fibrillation risk among patients with coronary artery
Yanbin Song1,2, Wenhua Li1,2
1Department of Cardiology, Wujin Hospital Affiliated With Jiangsu University, Changzhou, China.
Insights
Higher direct bilirubin (DBIL) levels are linked to increased atrial fibrillation (AF) risk in coronary artery disease (CAD) patients. This association is more pronounced in older individuals, those with lower BMI, and patients with diabetes mellitus.
Area of Science:
- Cardiology
- Biochemistry
- Medical Research
Background:
- Observational studies indicate a correlation between direct bilirubin (DBIL) and metabolic syndrome/cardiovascular disease.
- The specific association between DBIL and atrial fibrillation (AF) risk in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) remains under investigation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the relationship between serum DBIL levels and the incidence of AF in patients diagnosed with CAD.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective analysis of 937 CAD patients, comparing serum DBIL and other biochemical markers between AF and non-AF groups.
- Utilized univariate and multivariate logistic regression, alongside restricted cubic spline (RCS) regression, to analyze DBIL-AF association.
- Participant characteristics were stratified by DBIL tertiles for comparative analysis.
Main Results:
- A higher prevalence of AF was observed in patients with elevated DBIL levels (p < 0.001).
- Patients in the highest DBIL tertile (T3) showed a significantly higher proportion of AF and lower levels of lipids, Apo B, and TyG compared to lower tertiles.
- Multivariate logistic regression confirmed a significant association between higher DBIL levels and increased AF risk (adjusted OR: 2.239), with a nonlinear relationship identified by RCS analysis.
Conclusions:
- Elevated serum DBIL levels are robustly associated with an increased risk of AF in patients with CAD.
- The association between higher DBIL and AF risk is particularly significant in CAD patients aged ≥65 years, with a BMI < 25, and those with diabetes mellitus (DM).
Background:
Observational studies have shown that the direct bilirubin (DBIL) is correlated with metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease. However, it remains unclear whether DBIL is associated with atrial fibrillation (AF) risk in the patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). This study aimed to investigate the association between serum DBIL levels and AF in CAD patients.
Methods:
A total of 937 patients diagnosed with CAD were retrospectively included. Serum total bilirubin (TBIL), DBIL, lipid profiles, and other data were collected and analyzed between the AF and non-AF groups. The characteristics of participants were compared based on their DBIL tertiles. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models, as well as restricted cubic spline (RCS) regression, were used to explore the relationship between DBIL and AF.
Results:
AF was observed in 72 (7.7%) patients. There was a significant higher level of DBIL in the AF patients compared to non-AF patients (p < 0.001). Individuals from the DBIL T3 group, when compared to those from the T1 or T2 groups, were more likely to have a higher proportion of AF and lower levels of total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), apolipoprotein B (Apo B) and triglyceride-glucose (TyG) (all p < 0.001). Univariate logistic regression showed that the OR for AF in patients in T3 was 2.796 (95% CI, 1.528-5.116, p = 0.001) compared with participants in T1. The result remained consistent in the multivariate logistic regression (T3 versus 1: adjusted OR: 2.239). The RCS curve demonstrated a significant nonlinear association between DBIL and AF. Subgroup analysis revealed that this association was significant among patients aged ≥65 years old, with body mass index (BMI) < 25, and with diabetes mellitus (DM).
Conclusion:
The study suggested a robust relationship between higher levels of DBIL and an increased risk of AF in CAD patients. The association of elevated DBIL with the incidence of AF was higher in CAD patients older than 65 years, with a BMI < 25, and those with DM.
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