Clinical Characteristics of Vaginal Trichomoniasis Infection and Metronidazole Resistance in Vaginitis Patients

This study aims to investigate the clinical characteristics of vaginal trichomoniasis infection among vaginitis patients and assess their resistance to metronidazole.

We conducted a retrospective study involving 687 vaginitis patients who visited our hospital from April 2022 to June 2024. Clinical data were collected through questionnaires that included information on age, occupation, season of infection, marital status, contraceptive methods, and frequency of vulvar hygiene. Vaginal secretions were examined for trichomoniasis, and the characteristics of the infection were analyzed. Multivariate logistic regression was employed to identify factors influencing vaginal trichomoniasis infection. Infected vaginal trichomonas samples were cultured in vitro, and metronidazole gradient concentration plates were prepared to determine the minimum lethal concentration (MLC) of metronidazole against vaginal trichomonas, allowing for an assessment of resistance.

Out of 687 vaginitis patients, 65 were diagnosed with vaginal trichomoniasis, resulting in an infection rate of 9.46%. Significant differences in infection rates were observed based on age, occupation, season of infection, marital status, contraceptive methods, and frequency of vulvar hygiene (P < 0.05).

The infection rate of vaginal trichomoniasis is notably higher in younger vaginitis patients compared to middle-aged and elderly individuals, with a peak occurrence in spring. Higher rates were also noted among farmers, married individuals, those using oral contraceptives or no contraception, and those with infrequent vulvar cleaning. Additionally, resistance to metronidazole was identified in some cases. Clinical efforts should prioritize prevention and treatment strategies for high-risk populations.