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Continuing Medical Education Questions: April 2026.

The American journal of gastroenterology·2026
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Continuing Medical Education Questions: March 2025.

Kanwarpreet S Tandon1

  • 1West Virginia University Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA.

The American Journal of Gastroenterology
|March 3, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Having a family history of colorectal cancer significantly increases the risk of developing colorectal neoplasia. This systematic review and meta-analysis confirms a heightened risk for individuals with affected relatives.

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Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Oncology
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Colorectal cancer (CRC) poses a significant global health burden.
  • Family history is a known risk factor for CRC.
  • Understanding the precise risk associated with family history is crucial for targeted screening.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review and meta-analyze existing literature on the association between family history of colorectal cancer and the risk of colorectal neoplasia.
  • To quantify the risk of colorectal neoplasia in individuals with a positive family history.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic literature search of major databases (e.g., PubMed, Embase, Web of Science).
  • Inclusion of observational studies (cohort and case-control) investigating family history and colorectal neoplasia.
  • Meta-analysis using random-effects models to pool risk estimates (e.g., odds ratios, hazard ratios).

Main Results:

  • A significant positive association was found between family history of colorectal cancer and the risk of colorectal neoplasia.
  • Individuals with a first-degree relative diagnosed with colorectal cancer exhibited a substantially increased risk.
  • Heterogeneity among studies was assessed and reported.

Conclusions:

  • A positive family history of colorectal cancer is a significant and quantifiable risk factor for developing colorectal neoplasia.
  • This finding supports the importance of considering family history in colorectal cancer screening strategies.
  • Further research may explore specific patterns of familial risk.