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Photoreceptor Outer Segment Reflectivity With Ultrahigh-Resolution Visible-Light Optical Coherence Tomography in

Anupam K Garg1, Jingyu Wang1,2, Bailee Alonzo1

  • 1Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.

Translational Vision Science & Technology
|March 3, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Ultrahigh-resolution visible-light optical coherence tomography (VIS-OCT) reveals early hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) toxicity by detecting outer retinal changes. Attenuation of a specific retinal band may indicate the earliest sign of HCQ retinopathy.

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Retinal Imaging
  • Toxicology

Background:

  • Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) is widely used for autoimmune conditions.
  • HCQ can cause retinal toxicity, potentially leading to vision loss.
  • Early detection of HCQ retinopathy is crucial for preserving vision.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate outer retinal organization in normal subjects and those using HCQ.
  • To assess the utility of ultrahigh-resolution visible-light optical coherence tomography (VIS-OCT) in detecting HCQ-induced retinal changes.

Main Methods:

  • Forty eyes from 22 adult subjects (controls and HCQ users) were imaged.
  • A custom-built VIS-OCT device with 1.3 µm axial resolution was used.
  • Comparison was made with U.S. Food and Drug Administration-approved OCT devices.

Main Results:

  • VIS-OCT identified distinct hyperreflective bands in the outer retina of controls.
  • Subjects using HCQ showed reduced intensity of these bands, particularly bands two to four.
  • Attenuation of band 3i was the most consistent and earliest sign of HCQ toxicity.

Conclusions:

  • VIS-OCT reveals a unique outer retinal banding pattern related to photoreceptor distribution.
  • Early HCQ toxicity is associated with reduced photoreceptor outer segment reflectivity.
  • Attenuation of band 3i may be an early, potentially reversible sign of HCQ retinopathy, primarily affecting cones.