Mendelian randomization analysis and molecular mechanism study of childhood asthma and obstructive sleep apnea

Childhood asthma is a common chronic respiratory disorder influenced by various factors, and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) has emerged as a significant comorbidity. This study sought to investigate the underlying molecular mechanisms of the comorbidity between childhood asthma and OSA through Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis. Gene expression and genotype data were analyzed from public databases, and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) related to both diseases were identified. Our research findings unveiled 242 gene pairs associated with childhood asthma and 350 gene pairs related to OSA. Among them, the three hub genes, namely LRP3, BAK1, and CLIC4, exhibited significant expression alterations in both diseases. These hub genes participate in multiple signal transduction pathways and exhibit a remarkable correlation with the infiltration of immune cells, suggesting that they exert a vital role in modulating the immune microenvironment. Further analyses, encompassing gene set enrichment and transcriptional regulation, emphasized the complex interplay between these genes and non-coding RNAs as well as transcription factors. Our study results stressed the bidirectional relationship between childhood asthma and OSA and accentuated the significance of early identification and targeted intervention. This study identified potential therapeutic targets and laid a foundation for formulating treatment strategies aimed at improving the conditions of children with these interrelated diseases.