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Updated: May 24, 2025
Studying Triple Negative Breast Cancer Using Orthotopic Breast Cancer Model
Published on: March 20, 2020
Tailored therapies for triple-negative breast cancer: current landscape and future perceptions
Yumna Khan1, Sana Rizvi2, Ali Raza3
1Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, 25130, Pakistan. yumnakhan4514@gmail.com.
Abstract:
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) has become one of the most challenging cancers to date due to its great variability in biological features, high growth rate, and rare options for treatment. This review examines several innovative strategies for tailored treatment of TNBC, focusing mainly on the most recent developments and potential directions. The molecular landscape of TNBC is covered in the first section, which keeps the focus on transcriptome and genomic profiling while highlighting key molecular targets like mutations in the BRCA1/2, PIK3CA, androgen receptors (AR), epidermal growth factor receptors (EGFR), and immunological checkpoint molecules. This review also covers novel therapies that aim to block well-defined pathways, including immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI), EGFR inhibitors, drugs that target AR, poly ADP ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibitors, and drugs that disrupt the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. Additionally, it covers novel strategies focusing on combination therapy, targeting the DNA damage response pathway, and epigenetic modulators. Conclusively, it emphasizes perspectives and directions on topics such as personalized medicine, artificial intelligence (AI), predictive biomarkers, and treatment planning with the inclusion of machine learning (ML).
Insights
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) treatment is challenging due to its variability. This review explores innovative therapies and molecular targets, including immune checkpoint inhibitors and personalized medicine approaches for TNBC.
Area of Science:
- Oncology
- Genetics
- Pharmacology
Background:
- Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) presents significant therapeutic challenges due to its heterogeneity and aggressive nature.
- Limited targeted treatment options exist for TNBC, necessitating novel strategies.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review innovative treatment strategies for triple-negative breast cancer.
- To highlight recent developments and future directions in TNBC therapy.
Main Methods:
- Comprehensive review of molecular profiling (transcriptome, genomic) to identify key TNBC targets.
- Analysis of novel therapeutic agents targeting specific pathways (e.g., immune checkpoints, DNA damage response, PI3K/AKT/mTOR).
- Exploration of combination therapies, epigenetic modulators, and emerging technologies.
Main Results:
- Key molecular targets in TNBC include BRCA1/2, PIK3CA, androgen receptors (AR), EGFR, and immune checkpoints.
- Emerging therapies include immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI), AR inhibitors, PARP inhibitors, and PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway inhibitors.
- Combination therapies, DNA damage response targeting, and epigenetic modulators show promise.
Conclusions:
- Personalized medicine, artificial intelligence (AI), predictive biomarkers, and machine learning (ML) are crucial for advancing TNBC treatment planning.
- Future directions focus on tailored treatment approaches leveraging molecular insights and advanced technologies.
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