Exploring the biomechanical response of human semicircular canals by a visualized bionic model

At present, research on the biomechanical response of the cupula of human semicircular canals (HSCs) has focused on indirect inference through the nystagmus view, which is limited by the participation of the human nervous system. In this study, 3D printing technology and hydrogel modification methods were used to fabricate a one-dimensional bionic semicircular canal (BSC) model with a ratio of 1:1 to the horizontal HSC. Target tracking technology was used to observe the deformation of the cupula. Then, constant angular acceleration stimulation and the other two stimulations were separately applied to the BSC to explore its biomechanical response. The results showed that the BSC had a similar time constant to that of the HSC, its maximum deviation displacement was proportional to the applied angular acceleration, and its amplitude-frequency gain under sinusoidal oscillation stimulation increased, but its phase difference decreased with increasing frequency, which consistent with the conclusions obtained by our theoretical deduction. The BSC model is expected to play a certain role in the mechanistic research and disease diagnosis of HSCs.